ANXIETY DISORDERS diagnostic Flashcards
(15 cards)
generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)
intense persistent and unreasonable anxiety about everyday things
symptoms daily for several months
apprehension called free floating anxiety and excessive worries about family health finance school work
can be mild moderate severe
some function well some have bad impact on daily tasks
symptoms
physical > muscle aches, pains, insomnia, digestive problems like constipation and diarrhoea
behavioural > restlessness, irritability
affective > feeling nervous
cognitive > being unable to concentrate
when is diagnosis made
high levels of distress and disruption to their daily functioning at work home school
other conditions ruled out such as social phobia or panic disorder
be sure symptoms are not because of meds or recreational drug use
prevalence
2-5%
spitzer et al. 2006
> large sample from missouri USA 9% women 4% men
generalised anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7)
GAD-7 spitzer et al 2006
7 item questionnaire
can be used as structured interview schedule
respondents have experienced symptoms in last 2 weeks
items are rated on 4pt scale from 0-3
GAD-7 scores
5/21 mild
10/21 moderate
> 15/21 severe
should be prioritised
initially 13 items
but after research with 2739 people from missouri the final 7 picked
n=73 diagnosed avg score 14.4
without had 4.9 spitzer et al 2006
GAD-7 strength (test retest reliability)
strong test retest reliability
research evidence
spitzer tested ps twice one week apart
strong pos correlation between the pairs of scores +0.83
imporyant bc tests need to be reliable to provide meaningful and useful data to prioritise cases appropriately
GAD-7 strength application easy to use
easy to use
BIPI long and detailed ques
GAD-7 only 7 items but high validity
important bc more patients access and less time needed before making critical decisions to refer to professional
administer but differentiate effectively between mild moderate severe cases
GAD-7 weakness lack reliability
unclear whether accurate reflection severity of symptoms over time
2 assessments one week apart not longitudinal stidy
important bevause for diagnosis person needs symptoms over several months
difficult to know from GAD-7 alone whether a person’s symptoms are likely to get better or worse over time
as merely a snapshot of current mental state so may not be reliable
agoraphobia
anxiety triggered by multiple situations in which escape difficult or help not available
public places, transport, crowds, outside home alone etc
often avoid it bc fear of panic attacks or symptoms in public
diagnosis not made unless experienced for months and its causing distress and affecting functioning
specific phobia blood injection injury
irriational or excessive fear of certain situations or in presence of certain things
button phobia is a specific phobia saavedra silverman
haemophobia blood
trypanophobia injections or med needles
ppl w blood and needle phobias usually have decrease in bp causing them to faint/lose consciousness
blood injection phobia inventory BIPI
inventory = detailed list of items
BIPI has 18 situations relating to blood injections med needles
some items about situational anxiety > how a person would feel think behave in that situation
anticipatory anxiety > all that in the time leading up to it
ps have to rate how often they experience 27 different cognitive biological and behavioural reactions
rating scale from 0 never
to 3 always
BIPI strength validity
valid evidence regarding phobic symptoms in people from spanish speaking cultures
mas et al found pos correlation between BIPI scores and blood subscale of fear ques
designed for eng speakers
important bc BIPI used w spanish so outcomes need to be comparable w research of other languages
BIPI weakness subjectivity
self reported data
relies on person’s interpretation of their symptoms
so subjective
eg asked about how they would respond to situations not observing it
can be mismatch between how people THINK they respond and how they ACTUALLY do
BIPI strength broad and detailed
thorough in breadth of situations and symptoms measures
27 diff cognitive bio and behavioural symptoms and 18 situations
486 data points per person
BIPI extremely helpful to therapists in designing individualised treatment programmes focused on each patient’s specific symptoms
such as whether they are more fearful of their own blood or that of other people or animals
