OCD diagnostic Flashcards
(13 cards)
OCD
people w OCD experience obsessions
repetitive and persistent thoughts and images
unwanted intrusive
unable to control them
may try to ignore or suppress them
compulsions are repetitve acts or behaviours
can be physical > touch/tapping
or mental > counting numbers in head
ICD-11
compulsions carried out in response to obsession
neutralise neg thoughts
compelled to carry out certain behaviours to stop thought event fusion
compulsions not rationally linked to obsession
bc counting cant stop an accident
but they might find it impossible to stop
thought event fusion
imagine someone in a situation and believe thoughts will make it happen irl
diagnosis
if obsessions and compulsions are time consuming
take up more than an hour a day
symptoms cause distress and/or have neg impact on life
specifier may be added to give nfo about if got poor absent or fair good insight into condition
some people KNOW thoughts r untrue and some don’t bc anxiety
types of obsessions
contamination: terrified of passing germs to client bc they get ill or die
harm/safety: obsessive thoughts about accidents fires floods etc
symmetry/order: everything around them being aligned in the right place
forbidden thoughts/taboos: like sexual thoughts
types of compulsions
cleaning
checking
counting
ritualistic physical or mental acts in attempt to neutralise > purify self or prayers idk
measures
maudsley obsessive compulsive inventory MOCI
yale brown obsessive compulsive scale Y-BOCS
maudsley obsessive compulsive inventory MOCI
Hodgson & Rachman (1997) aimed to develop a typology to classify OCD symptoms
Hoped it would help researchers studying OCD causes and treatments
Questioned if a nomothetic approach was better than the idiographic one used before
Interviewed 30 OCD patients to create 65 true/false statements
Gave questionnaire to two groups from Maudsley Hospital:
One with obsessive thinking
One with anxiety but no obsessions
Identified two major OCD types: cleaning and checking
Identified two minor OCD types: slowness and doubting
MOCI strength
high test retest reliability
hodgson and rachman (1997) asked 50 students to complete the MOCI then reassesed them one month later
89% of the 1500 pairs scores generated were the same
showing the test to be highly consistent
important bc a test that is not reliable could lead to inaccurate disgnoses
meaning a person’s OCD could become worse due to lack of support or appropriate treatment
MOCI weakness
fixed choice questions
people can only choose between true or false
people may not know how to respond if a statement is only true some of the time or they do not understand the question
this is important as if the available options do not reflect what the respondent really thinks or feels the data will lack validity
meaning they may not receive an accurate diagnosis
Y-BOCS
semi structured interview schedule including 5 items relating to obsessions and 5 on compulsions (goodman et al 1989)
respondents are asked to rate each item on a 0-4 scale in relation to the severity of their symptoms in the last week
scores of 8-15 = mild
16=23 moderate
24-31 severe
32-40 extreme
interviewers may also wish to use an accompanying checklist which lists more than 50 types of obsessions and compulsions divided into 15 categories
typically interviews take approx 30 minutes
YBOCS weakness
asks people to consider the severity of their symptoms int he last week
could be a problem if people experience their symptoms in diff ways in the week
for eg symptoms might be worse on days when the person is not at work as their mind is less occupied with other things
this is important because without qualitative dats to put the scores into context it may be difficult for a clinician to get an accurate impression of the impact that the symptoms are having on a persons’ overall functioning
YBOCS strength
strong inter-rater reliability
when two or more interviewers use the scale to assess the same person there is a high level of agreement between them regarding the severity of the person’s symptoms
goodman et al 1989 tested this using 40 people with OCD
each of whom were assessed by four different interviewers
agreement between them was excellent and this shows that the ybocs is a reliable measure of OCD each of whom were assessed by four different interviewers
agreement between them was excellent and this shows that the ybocs is a reliable measure of OCD symptom severity
