AP HUG Unit 2 Reverse Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
the study of population characteristics
A
demography
2
Q
how people are spread out through an area
A
population distribution
3
Q
factors that influence where and how many people live in an area. based on geographic/environmental strengths and weaknesses
A
physical factors influencing population
4
Q
the portion of earth’s surface settled by humans
A
ecumene
5
Q
factors that influence where and how many people live in an area that are based on human causes
A
human factors influencing population
6
Q
where people are clustered
A
population concentration
7
Q
where people are spread out across the globe
A
population distribution at a global scale
8
Q
where people are spread out across a nation
A
population distribution at a national scale
9
Q
where people are spread out across a local area
A
population distribution at a local scale
10
Q
the amount of people over the amount of land in an area
A
population density
11
Q
people per unit of land in an area
A
arithmetic density
12
Q
people per unit of arable land in an area
A
physiological density
13
Q
farmers per unit of arable land in an area
A
agricultural density
14
Q
land that can be used for agriculture
A
arable land
15
Q
impacts that are related to economic effects. in this context, impacts from density and distribution
A
economic implications
16
Q
impacts related to politics. in this context, impacts from density and distribution
A
political implications
17
Q
impacts related to social effects. in this context, impacts from density and distribution
A
social implications
18
Q
impacts related to the environment. in this context, impacts from density and distribution
A
environmental implications
19
Q
the amount of people or animals an area can sustain without significant damage
A
carrying capacity
20
Q
having a population that exceeds the carrying capacity of an area
A
overpopulation
21
Q
basic services used in the operation of a city
A
infrastructure, urban services
22
Q
someone’s race, culture, or demographic
A
ethnicity
23
Q
factors that show how old and what genders an area has
A
age-sex composition
24
Q
percentage of males to females
A
sex ratio
25
different age groups on a population pyramid
cohort
26
an explosion in the number of births
baby boom
27
slowing of population growth after a baby boom
baby bust
28
a spike or drop in a population as a result of an earlier spike or drop
echo
29
ratio of working are people to the dependent population
dependency ratio
30
people between age 15 and 65
potential workforce
31
people above age 65 or below 15
dependent population
32
survey that gathers data about population and demographics
census
33
the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution
demographic momentum
34
rate of growth for a population excluding any outside factors. just CBR/CDR.
RNI, rate of natural increase
35
amount of time it takes for a population to double
population doubling time
36
people are dying at the same rate that they are being born
ZPG, zero population growth
37
total births per 1,000 people
CBR, crude birth rate
38
total deaths per 1,000 people
CDR, crude death rate
39
model that predicts and explains population growth
DTM, demographic transition model
40
what stage of the DTM is characterized by high fluctuating CBR and CDR
stage one
41
what stage of the DTM is characterized by a declining CDR and a fairly stable CBR
stage two
42
what stage of the DTM is characterized by a decline in the CDR's rate of decline and a declining CBR
stage three
43
what stage of the DTM is characterized by a low fluctuating CBR and CDR
stage four
44
what stage of the DTM is characterized by many different ideas: a stable CBR and CDR, or CDR surpassing CBR, etc.
stage 5
45
population pyramid with a wide base and small top
expansive population pyramid
46
population pyramid with mostly equal populations in its cohorts, gradually decreasing at the top
stationary population pyramid
47
model that explains and predicts epidemiological trends
epidemiological transition model, ETM
48
what stage of the ETM is characterized by very high death rates (infectious diseases, famine, human conflict, etc)? aka pestilence and famine stage
stage 1
49
what stage of the ETM is characterized by decreasing rates of pandemics (improved medicine and sanitation)? aka receding pandemic stage
stage 2
50
what stage of the ETM is characterized by the continued lowering of level of pandemics, but degenerative diseases (ex. cancer, heart disease) rates start to rise? aka degenerative and human created disease stage
stage 3
51
what stage of the ETM is characterized by delayed onset of degenerative and age related diseases due to better medicine? aka delayed degenerative disease stage
stage 4
52
what stage of the ETM is characterized by theories such as increased rate of infectious and parasitic disease due to antibiotic resistance? aka reemerging of infectious and parasitic disease stage
stage 5
53
a theory that predicts that humans will outstrip their food supply due to population being predicted to increase exponentially as opposed to food supply, which is predicted to increase linearly.
malthusian theory
54
people who apply Mathus' theories to the modern world.
neo-malthusians
55
policy that encourages births
pronatalist policy
56
policy that discourages births
antinatalist policy
57
policies that relate to immigration
immigration policies
58
someone's ability to get an education
access to education
59
someone's ability to get medical services
access to healthcare
60
someone's ability to get contraception
access to contraception
61
average amount of babies each woman will have in her lifetime
TFR, total fertility rate
62
laws developed by ravenstein to describe migration patterns
ravenstein's laws of migration
63
as you get further from a source, the effect it has is limited
distance decay
64
migrants moving in smaller steps along their way to their destination
step migration
65
a movement of people against a migration flow
counter migration
66
movement of people out of cities into rural/suburban areas
counter urbanization
67
a theory that states the larger and closer something is, the more effect it has
gravity model
68
average number of years a baby is expected to live from birth
life expectancy
69
the number of babies that die on average per 1,000 births
infant mortality rate
70
percentage of people over 65 to the working age population
elderly dependency ratio
71
population over 65
aging population, graying population
72
person moving from one place to another
migration
73
person moving into an area
immigration
74
person moving out of an area
emmigration
75
number of immigrants minus number of emigrants
net migration
76
factors that push people from an area
push factors
77
factors that pull people to an area
pull factors
78
these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? poverty, economic opportunity
economic push/pull factors
79
these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? civil unrest, ties to someone in the area
social push/pull factors
80
these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? lack of representation, political stability
political push/pull factors
81
these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? natural disasters, clean air
environmental push/pull factors
82
these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? quotas, similar demographics
demographic push/pull factors
83
obstacles that block a migrant on their path
intervening obstacles
84
opportunities that come up for a migrant on their path. may lead to them settling in a different place than originally intended
intervening opportunities
85
what model is characterized by: people will try to head to areas with more pull factors and less push factors, unless intervening obstacles/opportunities change that
lee's model of migration
86
what model lines up with DTM that predicts how many and where people migrate
migration transition
87
a stream of people flowing from one area to another
migration stream
88
a migration where the migrants leave due to threats or due to force as opposed to moving by choice
forced migration
89
system where one person is owned by another person and forced to work for them
slavery
90
migrant who was pushed out of their home country in a forced migration
refugees
91
migrant who was pushed out of their home area in a forced migration, but is still in their home country.
IDPs
92
migrant who was pushed out of their home country who is trying to gain refugee status
asylum seekers
93
migration where the migrant has a choice to leave the home country or not.
voluntary migration
94
movement where the migrant moves between multiple points repeatedly and often (i.e. commuting)
cyclic movement
95
cyclical movement of livestock between multiple points
transhumance
96
migration between countries
transnational migration, international migration
97
migration within a country
internal migration
98
migration between two regions in a country
interregional migration
99
migration within one region of a country
intraregional migration
100
migration where migrants move to communities where family and/or friends migrated previously.
chain migration
101
workers living and working in a country to work for a period of time but not moving permanently.
guest workers
102
migration of people from rural areas to urban areas
urbanization
103
migration where the migrant moves between multiple points but stays for longer periods of time (i.e. Snowbirds)
periodic migration
104
what effect of migration is characterized by these examples: addition of quotas, changing demographics
political effects of migration
105
a limit on the number of migrants allowed in an area
quotas
106
what effect of migration is characterized by these examples: new workers, loss of jobs
economic effects of migration
107
money sent by guest workers or migrants back to family members in home countries to help support them
remitances
108
process where an area's highly educated professionals migrate out
brain drain
109
process where an area has many highly educated professional migrate in
brain gain
110
what effect of migration is characterized by these examples: st. patrick's day, curry
cultural effects of migration
111
area with a large amount of one ethnicity compared to the surrounding area
ethnic enclaves
112
the fear of others, in this case, migrants
xenophobia
