AP HUG Unit 5 Reverse

Question 1

hot dry summers, cool wet winters. always next to a sea

Answer 1

mediterranean climate

Question 2

high temperatures year round. dry and wet season

Answer 2

tropical climate

Question 3

farmers work intensively on small pieces of land. almost all available land is used. occurs when land is scarce and expensive

Answer 3

intensive farming

Question 4

foods that are in demand are grown and sold in large quantities. farms usually specialize in a few crops

Answer 4

market gardening/commercial gardening/truck farming

Question 5

occurs when land is plentiful and cheap. usually livestock ranching, pastoral nomadism, shifting cultivation

Answer 5

extensive farming

Question 6

people shift between fields. slash and burn, constant relocation. extensive.

Answer 6

shifting cultivation

Question 7

seasonal migration of livestock between areas

Answer 7

transhumance

Question 8

herding domesticated animals in dry, nonarable areas. people move with the animals

Answer 8

nomadic herding, pastoral nomadism

Question 9

grazing of aminals over large area for $

Answer 9

ranching

Question 10

groups of houses clustered together

Answer 10

clustered land use pattern

Question 11

houses spread out

Answer 11

dispersed land use pattern

Question 12

houses arranged in a line facing a waterway or other transportation method

Answer 12

linear land use pattern

Question 13

used for plot boundaries that matched up with physical features like trees and streams.

Answer 13

metes and bounds rural survey pattern

Question 14

used for plot boundaries. gov’t divides land up into townships (6x6 mi). townships are divided into sections of 1sqmi each

Answer 14

township and range rural survey pattern

Question 15

land divided into long, narrow strips

Answer 15

long lot rural survey pattern

Question 16

first time plants and animals were domesticated for farming purposes

Answer 16

1st AG revolution, neolithic revolution

Question 17

areas in which AG first originated. differs in crop production between places

Answer 17

hearths of domestication

Question 18

trade of food, people, animals, tech between europe and western hemisphere

Answer 18

columbian exchange

Question 19

advances in transportation, large scale irrigation, changes in comsumption patterns of agriculture

Answer 19

second AG revolution

Question 20

tech advances, land use and farming advances, AG practice changes

Answer 20

impacts of 2nd AG revolution

Question 21

advances in plant biology during the later half of the 20th century. mechanization, synthetic fertilizers, globally widespread food manufacturing

Answer 21

green revolution, 3rd AG revolution

Question 22

seeds that produce more in a growing season than wild varieties. often GMO

Answer 22

high yield seeds

Question 23

replacement of human labor with machines. led to more production, less need for labor intensive practices

Answer 23

mechanized farming

Question 24

more global food production (less hunger, less death, more population). fertilizers and irrigation, which are good for environment in moderation

Answer 24

positive impacts of green revolution

Question 25

women mostly not given new tech, damaging their role in many societies. chemicals used to grow the food can be harmful for humans. reduces organic nutrients in the soil. unsustainable new farming methods. lots of pollution

Answer 25

negative impacts of green revolution

Question 26

farmers eat the food they grow. usually manual labor. found mostly in developing countries

Answer 26

subsistence AG

Question 27

farmers raise one crop and sell for profit. mainly in developed countries. designed with the intent to make as much $ as possible

Answer 27

commercial AG

Question 28

farmers raise the same cash crop on lots of land year after year

Answer 28

monocropping, monoculture

Question 29

land further away from market costs less. closer to market costs more

Answer 29

bid rent theory

Question 30

found mostly in developing countries. cannot compete with commercial farms bc lack of $ for machinery

Answer 30

family farms

Question 31

process of gathering resources, making them into products (commodities), transporting them to consumers

Answer 31

commodity chains

Question 32

cost advantages for a company when production becomes efficient

Answer 32

economies of scale

Question 33

areas used primarily for growing crops, raising animals, harvesting fish

Answer 33

agricultural sector

Question 34

number of crops/people an area can support

Answer 34

carrying capacity

Question 35

major factor in where each kind of production is located. farmers will locate where it's most cost efficient

Answer 35

transportation costs

Question 36

urban area, city, market. where people live, work, and AG products are sold

Answer 36

market center in von thunen model

Question 37

horticulture (market gardening; fruits, vegetables, flowers), dairy farming

Answer 37

ring 1 in von thunen model

Question 38

forestry. von thunen model was developed before widespread use of coal, so this was in high demand.

Answer 38

ring 2 in von thunen model

Question 39

extensive grains and field crops. large scale farms.

Answer 39

ring 3 in von thunen model

Question 40

extensive ranching and grazing.

Answer 40

ring 4 in von thunen model

Question 41

as long as modern tech factors are taken into account, is still applicable to today.

Answer 41

benefits of von thunen model

Question 42

developed before widespread use of coal. did not take into account physical features, which alters where locations will be. could be multiple markets

Answer 42

limitations of von thunen model

Question 43

system of resources, transportation, consumer, etc. on a global scale

Answer 43

global supply chain

Question 44

trades/products exported by a country

Answer 44

export commodities

Question 45

transportation networks that allow food to stay cool and unspoiled throughout the trip

Answer 45

cool chains

Question 46

food distributed on a global scale. causes interdependence between countries

Answer 46

global food distribution

Question 47

overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics

Answer 47

agricultural pollution

Question 48

loss of natural areas due to human impact or climate

Answer 48

land cover change

Question 49

land degradation (most commonly in dry areas). usually due to human impact or climate.

Answer 49

desertification

Question 50

too much salt in the soil (usually from excessive irrigation), which negatively affects plant growth

Answer 50

soil salinization

Question 51

conserving land by minimizing overgrazing, overuse of chemicals, etc

Answer 51

AG land conservation

Question 52

all plants are cut down and burned in an area. ash adds some nutrients and land is farmed until nutrients are depleted

Answer 52

slash and burn

Question 53

farmers build steps into a hill, which helps sustain crops and reduces soil erosion. can cause mudslides

Answer 53

terrace farming

Question 54

altering the path of natural waterways to serve agricultural needs

Answer 54

irrigation

Question 55

removal of lots of trees in a naturally forested area

Answer 55

deforestation

Question 56

water from naturally occurring wetlands drained for AG purposes

Answer 56

draining wetlands

Question 57

science of engineering/modifying living organisms. gmos, vaccines, antibiotics

Answer 57

biotechnology

Question 58

practice of raising and harvesting fish/other water living food

Answer 58

aquaculture

Question 59

accomplishing needs of the present without hindering future populations

Answer 59

sustainability

Question 60

growing food in a city or heavily populated town

Answer 60

urban farming

Question 61

local farmers sell shares of their crop to those contracted to buy throughout the year

Answer 61

community supported agriculture

Question 62

farming that does not use chemical substances

Answer 62

organic agriculture

Question 63

products are manufactured to add value, ex. wheat to flour

Answer 63

value added specialty crops

Question 64

movement to support growers of food instead of the corporations that manage the trade

Answer 64

fair trade

Question 65

crops nonessential to survival but have a high profit margin (worth a lot of $) ex. cacao

Answer 65

luxury crops

Question 66

when one does not have access to safe, healthy food

Answer 66

food insecurity

Question 67

an area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food

Answer 67

food deserts

Question 68

concentrated animal feeding operations. goal to make animals gain fat before they're killed

Answer 68

CAFO

Question 69

waste from feedlots can pollute the air and water supply

Answer 69

animal waste

Question 70

roads, bridges, tunnels, ports, electrical grids, sewers, telecommunications, etc

Answer 70

distribution systems

Question 71

public support to farmers ensuring they have dependable low cost food. ex. subsidies

Answer 71

gov't policies related to agriculture

Question 72

if women were giving the same AG opportunities as men, there would be a lot more food

Answer 72

women and agriculture