Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP HUG > unit 5 > Flashcards

unit 5 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

mediterranean climate

A

hot dry summers, cool wet winters. always next to a sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tropical climate

A

high temperatures year round. dry and wet season

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

intensive farming

A

farmers work intensively on small pieces of land. almost all available land is used. occurs when land is scarce and expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

market gardening/commercial gardening/truck farming

A

foods that are in demand are grown and sold in large quantities. farms usually specialize in a few crops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

extensive farming

A

occurs when land is plentiful and cheap. usually livestock ranching, pastoral nomadism, shifting cultivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

shifting cultivation

A

people shift between fields. slash and burn, constant relocation. extensive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

transhumance

A

seasonal migration of livestock between areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nomadic herding, pastoral nomadism

A

herding domesticated animals in dry, nonarable areas. people move with the animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ranching

A

grazing of aminals over large area for $

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

clustered land use pattern

A

groups of houses clustered together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dispersed land use pattern

A

houses spread out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

linear land use pattern

A

houses arranged in a line facing a waterway or other transportation method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

metes and bounds rural survey pattern

A

used for plot boundaries that match up with physical features like trees and streams.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

township and range rural survey pattern

A

used for plot boundaries. gov’t divides land up into townships (6x6 mi). townships are divided into sections of 1sqmi each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

long lot rural survey pattern

A

land divided into long, narrow strips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1st AG revolution, neolithic revolution

A

first time plants and animals were domesticated for farming purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hearths of domestication

A

areas in which AG first originated. differs in crop production between places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

columbian exchange

A

trade of food, people, animals, tech between europe and western hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

second AG revolution

A

advances in transportation, large scale irrigation, changes in consumption patterns of agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

impacts of 2nd AG revolution

A

tech advances, land use and farming advances, AG practice changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

green revolution, 3rd AG revolution

A

advances in plant biology during the later half of the 20th century. mechanization, synthetic fertilizers, globally widespread food manufacturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

high yield seeds

A

seeds that produce more in a growing season than wild varieties. often GMO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mechanized farming

A

replacement of human labor with machines. led to more production, less need for labor intensive practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

positive impacts of green revolution

A

more global food production (less hunger, less death, more population). fertilizers and irrigation, which are good for environment in moderation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
negative impacts of green revolution
women mostly not given new tech, damaging their role in many societies. chemicals used to grow the food can be harmful for humans. reduces organic nutrients in the soil. unsustainable new farming methods. lots of pollution
26
subsistence AG
farmers eat the food they grow. usually manual labor. found mostly in developing countries
27
commercial AG
farmers raise one crop and sell for profit. mainly in developed countries. designed with the intent to make as much $ as possible
28
monocropping, monoculture
farmers raise the same cash crop on lots of land year after year
29
bid rent theory
land further away from market costs less. closer to market costs more
30
family farms
found mostly in developing countries. cannot compete with commercial farms bc lack of $ for machinery
31
commodity chains
process of gathering resources, making them into products (commodities), transporting them to consumers
32
economies of scale
cost advantages for a company when production becomes efficient
33
agricultural sector
areas used primarily for growing crops, raising animals, harvesting fish
34
carrying capacity
number of crops/people an area can support
35
transportation costs
major factor in where each kind of production is located. farmers will locate where it's most cost efficient
36
market center in von thunen model
urban area, city, market. where people live, work, and AG products are sold
37
ring 1 in von thunen model
horticulture (market gardening; fruits, vegetables, flowers), dairy farming
38
ring 2 in von thunen model
forestry. von thunen model was developed before widespread use of coal, so this was in high demand.
39
ring 3 in von thunen model
extensive grains and field crops. large scale farms.
40
ring 4 in von thunen model
extensive ranching and grazing.
41
benefits of von thunen model
as long as modern tech factors are taken into account, is still applicable to today.
42
limitations of von thunen model
developed before widespread use of coal. did not take into account physical features, which alters where locations will be. could be multiple markets
43
global supply chain
system of resources, transportation, consumer, etc. on a global scale
44
export commodities
trades/products exported by a country
45
cool chains
transportation networks that allow food to stay cool and unspoiled throughout the trip
46
global food distribution
food distributed on a global scale. causes interdependence between countries
47
agricultural pollution
overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics
48
land cover change
loss of natural areas due to human impact or climate
49
desertification
land degradation (most commonly in dry areas). usually due to human impact or climate.
50
soil salinization
too much salt in the soil (usually from excessive irrigation), which negatively affects plant growth
51
AG land conservation
conserving land by minimizing overgrazing, overuse of chemicals, etc
52
slash and burn
all plants are cut down and burned in an area. ash adds some nutrients and land is farmed until nutrients are depleted
53
terrace farming
farmers build steps into a hill, which helps sustain crops and reduces soil erosion. can cause mudslides
54
irrigation
altering the path of natural waterways to serve agricultural needs
55
deforestation
removal of lots of trees in a naturally forested area
56
draining wetlands
water from naturally occurring wetlands drained for AG purposes
57
biotechnology
science of engineering/modifying living organisms. gmos, vaccines, antibiotics
58
aquaculture
practice of raising and harvesting fish/other water living food
59
sustainability
accomplishing needs of the present without hindering future populations
60
urban farming
growing food in a city or heavily populated town
61
community supported agriculture
local farmers sell shares of their crop to those contracted to buy throughout the year
62
organic agriculture
farming that does not use chemical substances
63
value added specialty crops
products are manufactured to add value, ex. wheat to flour
64
fair trade
movement to support growers of food instead of the corporations that manage the trade
65
luxury crops
crops nonessential to survival but have a high profit margin (worth a lot of $) ex. cacao
66
food insecurity
when one does not have access to safe, healthy food
67
food deserts
an area with limited access to affordable and nutritious food
68
CAFO
concentrated animal feeding operations. goal to make animals gain fat before they're killed
69
animal waste
waste from feedlots can pollute the air and water supply
70
distribution systems
roads, bridges, tunnels, ports, electrical grids, sewers, telecommunications, etc
71
gov't policies related to agriculture
public support to farmers ensuring they have dependable low cost food. ex. subsidies
72
women and agriculture
if women were giving the same AG opportunities as men, there would be a lot more food

AP HUG (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions