AP HUG Unit 7 Reverse

Question 1

a set of changes in technology that dramatically increased manufacturing productivity

Answer 1

industrial revolution

Question 2

the development of industries for the machine production of goods

Answer 2

industrialization

Question 3

resource found in nature that is immediately usable by humans. no change is needed

Answer 3

natural resources

Question 4

resource that must be changed to be used by humans

Answer 4

raw materials

Question 5

(more powerful) country conquers and rules over a country

Answer 5

colonialism

Question 6

empire expands into surrounding areas/countries

Answer 6

imperialism

Question 7

extracting natural resources

Answer 7

primary sector

Question 8

processing natural resources

Answer 8

secondary sector

Question 9

providing services

Answer 9

tertiary sector

Question 10

knowledge based. dealing with others’ money. finance, insurance, real estate

Answer 10

quaternary sector

Question 11

highest levels of decision making

Answer 11

quinary secotr

Question 12

point where the mode of transportation carrying a product changes

Answer 12

break of bulk points

Question 13

predicts location of a manufacturing site relative to the location of the resources needed to produce the product and where the final product will be sold

Answer 13

least cost location theory

Question 14

most developed countries

Answer 14

core

Question 15

in between core and periphery in terms of development

Answer 15

semi periphery

Question 16

least developed countries

Answer 16

periphery

Question 17

measures the value of goods and services produced within a country’s borders, by citizens and non-citizens

Answer 17

gross domestic product

Question 18

measures the value of goods and services produced by only a country’s citizens but both domestically and abroad

Answer 18

gross national product

Question 19

the dollar value of a country’s final income in a year, divided by its population

Answer 19

gross national income per capita

Question 20

all economic activities operating within the official legal framework that are paying taxes on all generated incomes

Answer 20

formal economy

Question 21

economic activity that is not subject to government regulation or taxation

Answer 21

informal economy

Question 22

a statistical measure of how many people earn or receive various amounts of income

Answer 22

income distribution

Question 23

measures. gender equality. not like that’s obvious at all. closer to 0 means most equality

Answer 23

gender inequality index

Question 24

the factors that are calculated are the GDP per capita, adult literacy rate, average level of education, and total life expectancy

Answer 24

human development index

Question 25

compares a specific indicator (ex. income) between men and women of a particular country

Answer 25

gender parity

Question 26

provide small loans to start or expand a business to entrepreneurs who would not normally qualify for credit from traditional sources

Answer 26

microloans, microfinance

Question 27

stages: traditional society, pre-condition for take-off, take-off drive to maturity, high mass consumption

Answer 27

rostow's stages of economic growth

Question 28

stages: core, semi-periphery, periphery

Answer 28

wallerstein's world system thoery

Question 29

core countries depend on peripheral contrives for labor and raw materials; peripheral depends on core for goods

Answer 29

dependency theory

Question 30

a country is export-commodity-dependent when more than 60% of its exports are made up of commodities

Answer 30

commodity dependence

Question 31

contraction and decline of the weight of manufacturing industry within an economy

Answer 31

deindustrialization

Question 32

trade is greater if each side has something the other wants or needs

Answer 32

complementarity

Question 33

each producer will make what is most cost efficient; ex florida has comparative advantage over michigan for producing oranges

Answer 33

comparative advantage

Question 34

policies emphasizing the value of free market (system of economic exchange without taxes, tariffs, etc) competition

Answer 34

neoliberal policies

Question 35

a pact between two or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them

Answer 35

free trade agreements

Question 36

tax put on goods as they leave a country

Answer 36

tariffs

Question 37

period of extreme stress in global financial markets + banking systems

Answer 37

global financial crises

Question 38

turning over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers

Answer 38

outsourcing

Question 39

an area in a country that is subject to different economic regulations than other regions within the same country

Answer 39

special economic zones

Question 40

offers businesses cash flow advantages by suspending customs import taxes and duties, trade levies, quotas and import controls

Answer 40

free trade zones

Question 41

physical spaces within a country where special regulations benefit foreign controlled businesses

Answer 41

export processing zones

Question 42

a system of employment in the various economic sectors spread throughout the world

Answer 42

international division of labor

Question 43

flexible production; organizes workers into teams that perform a variety of tasks and solve problems through consensus

Answer 43

post fordist methods of production

Question 44

allocating more funds to one specific area has impacts on many other industries

Answer 44

multiplier effect

Question 45

cost advantages for a company when production becomes efficient

Answer 45

economies of scale

Question 46

the spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit

Answer 46

agglomeration

Question 47

method of transportation, storage, and delivery that allows businesses to only store what they need for consumers to get quickly

Answer 47

just in time delivery

Question 48

industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of information and capital

Answer 48

service sector

Question 49

a place where technology and computer industries agglomerate

Answer 49

high technology industry, technopoles, growth poles

Question 50

responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education

Answer 50

ecotourism