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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 4 > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 4 Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

State

A

A country

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2
Q

Nation

A

A group of people bound together by a cultural identity

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3
Q

Nation-State

A

A state that encompasses a single nation

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4
Q

Stateless Nations

A

A nation that doesn’t have a state of its own

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5
Q

Multi-National States

A

A state that contains many nations within its borders

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6
Q

Multistate Nations

A

A nation that is partially in multiple states

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7
Q

Autonomous Regions

A

An area within a country that has a high level of self-government

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8
Q

Semi-Autonomous Regions

A

a region that has some parts of self-government, but not as much as an autonomous region

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9
Q

City-State

A

A state that is comprised of a city and potentially also some of the surrounding land

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10
Q

Sovereignty

A

A state’s control over its internal and external affairs

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11
Q

Self-Determination

A

The idea the nations should be able to determine their own future

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12
Q

Colonialism

A

The process of conquering a place and extracting wealth from from an area

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13
Q

Imperialism

A

The process of influencing or dominating an area

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14
Q

Independence Movements

A

A group of people advocating for and/or trying to make a separate country

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15
Q

Decolonialization

A

The process of releasing former colonies

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16
Q

Devolution

A

The transfer of power from a central to a local government

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17
Q

Colony

A

An subservient area conquered and controlled by a colonial power

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18
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Exerting influence over an area through indirect means

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19
Q

Satellite States

A

A state dominated by another economically and politically

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20
Q

Shatterbelts

A

An unstable area located in between disparate regions

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21
Q

Choke Points

A

A geographic feature that creates a narrow passage for trade or movement of people

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22
Q

Territoriality

A

A willingness by a person or group of people to defend a claim to an area

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23
Q

Relic Boundary

A

A boundary that no longer exist but still has an impact

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24
Q

Superimposed Boundary

A

A boundary created by outside powers

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25
Subsequent (Ethnographic) Boundary
A boundary that lines up religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic borders
26
Antecendent Boundary
A boundary drawn before the arrival of a large number of people
27
Militarized Boundary
A boundary that has a large military presence
28
Open Boundary
A boundary without crossing restrictions
29
Geometric Boundary
A straight line that doesn't follow any physical boundaries
30
Consequent Boundary
A border between cultures/cultural traits
31
Natural Boundary
A border based on physical features
32
Defined Boundary
A legally defined border
33
Delimited Boundary
A line on a map
34
Demarcated Boundary
A physical boundary to show the limits of a space
35
Demilitarized Zone
A place between countries where military activities are prohibited
36
Berlin Conference
A conference that set out the colonial borders in Africa
37
Definitional Boundary Dispute
A dispute over the interpretation of legal definition for a border
38
Locational Boundary Dispute
A dispute over where a boundary should be
39
Operational Boundary Dispute
A dispute over the function of a boundary
40
Allocational Boundary Dispute
A dispute over natural resource usage across a boundary
41
UNCLOS
The conference that set out the laws about usage of bodies of water
42
Territorial Seas
A zone extending up to 12 nmi from a coastline where a country has sovereignty
43
EEZ
Exclusive economic zone. A zone extending up to 200 nmi from a coastline where a country has exclusive right to natural resources
44
International Waters
Water open to any country without restriction
45
Voting Districts
A given area wherein the population elects an official
46
Reappointment
Changing the number of representatives for an area due to a change in population
47
Redistricting
The redrawing of voting districts to match population
48
Gerrymandering
The process of using electoral boundaries to create a more favorable outcome in an election
49
Unitary State
A state that has a highly centralized government
50
Federal State
A state that has a decentralized government
51
Physical Geographic Factors (relating to devolution)
Disparate geography, A separating mountain range
52
Ethnic Separatism
The desire for an ethnic group to separate from a state
53
Ethnic Cleansing
the process of changing the ethnic makeup of an area to make it more homogeneous
54
Genocide
The systematic extermination of a specific ethnic group
55
Terrorism
Intentional acts of violence against civilians meant to cause fear and further political goals.
56
Economic Problems (relating to devolution)
Differing economic conditions, economic instability
57
Social Problems (relating to devolution)
Ethnic differences, civil instability
58
Irredentism
This is a process by which a multi-state nation incorporates parts of the nation that aren't in the state.
59
Devolution
the process of a state giving power away to smaller areas within the state, eventually leading to full independence
60
Subnationalism
Nationalism for a specific area within a state
61
Balkanization
This is the fracturing of a state along ethnic lines
62
Impact of Technology (relating to devolution)
Allowing for easier networking of independence movements
63
Democritization
The transition from authoritarianism to democracy
64
Supranationalism
Multiple countries coming together and giving up some of their power to an IGO in order to gain a benefit
65
Economic Supranationalism
Multiple countries coming together and giving up some of their power to an IGO for economic benefit
66
Transnational Cooperations
Corporations that do business in multiple countries
67
Economies of Scale
The economic benefits for doing business at a larger scale
68
Trade Agreements
An international agreement in order to facilitate trade
69
Military Alliances
An agreement between countries to help each other out militarily
70
Supranationalism and the Environment
Multiple countries coming together to protect the environment
71
UN
An organization of (almost) all countries in the world in order to achieve peace and protect human rights
72
NATO
A military alliance between the US, Canada, and many European countries
73
EU
An organization of European states for economic and political benefit
74
ASEAN
An organization of Southeast Asian states for economic and political benefit
75
Arctic Council
An organization of Arctic nations in order to resolve issues in the Arctic
76
AU
An organization of African states for economic and political benefit
77
Centrifugal Forces
Forces that push a state apart
78
Regionalism
The belief in regional rather than central governments
79
Uneven Development
The process of some areas developing at different rate than others
80
Ethnic Nationalist Movements
A nationalist movement for an ethnic group
81
Centripetal Forces
Forces that pull a country together
82
Nationalism
A feeling of loyalty to a country or nation
83
Economic Development
The improvement of an economic situation
84
Cultural Practices
Specific practices done by a culture

AP HUG (14 decks)

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