Aquatic Mammals

Question 1

Which 3 orders contain aquatic mammals?

Answer 1

Cetacean, Carnivora, Sirenia

Question 2

Which Canivore families have aquatic mammals?

Answer 2

Pinnipedia, Ursiade, Musteliade

Question 3

What are the 2 groups of cetacea?

Answer 3

Mysticetin, Odontoceti

Question 4

What feeding adaptation do mysticetin’s have?

Answer 4

Baleen - filter feeding

Question 5

Which 4 families are within mysticetin?

Answer 5

Balaenidae, Neobalaenidae, Balaenopteridae, Eschrichtiidae

Question 6

What is the odontoceti skull like?

Answer 6

Asymmetrical

Question 7

Which families are in odontoceti?

Answer 7

Delphinidae, Monodontidae, Phocoenidae, Physeteridae, Plantanistidae, Iniidae, Ziphiidae

Question 8

Which families are in pinnipedia?

Answer 8

Otariidae, Phocidae, Odobenidae

Question 9

Which species are in otariidae?

Answer 9

Sea lions and fur seals

Question 10

What are the features of otariidae?

Answer 10

External ears, better on land, hind flipper for land locomotion, enlarged forelflipper

Question 11

What are the features of phocidae?

Answer 11

No external ears, more marine adapted, smaller flippers

Question 12

Which animals are in phocidae?

Answer 12

Seals, elephant seals.

Question 13

Which animals are in odobenidae?

Answer 13

Walrus

Question 14

What is a dugong tail like?

Answer 14

Tail fluke - notched

Question 15

Which animals are in Trichechidae?

Answer 15

Manatees

Question 16

What is a manatee tail like?

Answer 16

Spatulate

Question 17

What are the features of cetacea reproduction?

Answer 17

Mating at sea, testes abdominal, penis retractable

Question 18

What are the features of pinnipidia reproduction?

Answer 18

Harem

Question 19

What is gestation of aquatic mammals like?

Answer 19

Extended but not relative to size

Question 20

What is a blue whales gestation like?

Answer 20

Rapid development, extended parental care

Question 21

Where does birth in cetacea take place?

Answer 21

At sea

Question 22

Where does birth in pinnipeds take place?

Answer 22

On land

Question 23

Where does lactation in cetacea occur?

Answer 23

Teats in slits near urogential opening

Question 24

What is aquatic mammal milk like?

Answer 24

Highly concentrated

Question 25

How are aquatic mammals insulated?

Answer 25

Subcutaneous fat layer, fur

Question 26

How does the countercurrent exchange work?

Answer 26

Conserves heat in core, flippers insulated.

Question 27

Why are sirenia less adapted?

Answer 27

Less body fat, not good at retaining heat. Live in warmer waters

Question 28

How do marine mammals cope with the hyperosmotic environment?

Answer 28

Metabolic water, concentrated kidneys

Question 29

How much more myoglobin do marine mammals have?

Answer 29

2-9 x more

Question 30

What happens to breathing during deep diving?

Answer 30

Extended apnoea, lack of breathing.

Question 31

How do baleen whales feed?

Answer 31

Keratinous plates

Question 32

How does lung feeding occur?

Answer 32

Rorquals, throat furrows

Question 33

How does the mammal withstand the force of water during lunge feeding?

Answer 33

Mandible fraced by frontomandibular

Question 34

What are bubble clouds?

Answer 34

Groups of humpback whales encircle fish, lung feed

Question 35

How does sucking and dredging occur?

Answer 35

Plough head through mud, coop and suck up sediment

Question 36

What is carnivore dentition like?

Answer 36

Sharp canines, simple cheek teeth

Question 37

How are walrus' adapted to feeding?

Answer 37

Bentic invertebrates, suck out, discard shells

Question 38

How are walrus flippers adapted?

Answer 38

Right handed lateralised limb used to root through sediment

Question 39

How are sea otters keystone species?

Answer 39

Otters harvest the increased urchins to prevent loss of kelp beds

Question 40

How do sperm whales locate?

Answer 40

Echolocation

Question 41

How do sirenia feed?

Answer 41

Slow moving grazers, herbivorous

Question 42

What is the function of fusiform body?

Answer 42

Reduce drag and turbulence

Question 43

How are lungs adapted for deep sea diving?

Answer 43

Small and elastic

Question 44

What adaptations do deep sea diving mammals in their respiratory tract?

Answer 44

Rigid cartilaginous airways, flexible ribs, elastic bronchioles

Question 45

How do sirenia control buoyancy?

Answer 45

Dense, heavy bones. Fermentation gas

Question 46

How is echolocation produced?

Answer 46

Clicks with air forced through valves in nasal sac

Question 47

How is echolocation focused?

Answer 47

Through melon lens

Question 48

Whys vocalisation more important?

Answer 48

High conductance of sound in water

Question 49

How do mysitcetes create sound?

Answer 49

Larynx, vocal folds.

Question 50

What is rete mirabile?

Answer 50

Network of blood capillaries between swimming muscles which act as heat exchanger