Domestication

Question 1

When were camelids domesticated?

Answer 1

7,000 - 4,000 years ago

Question 1

What is pup adoption?

Answer 1

People take in pups of those which survived flexible diets and were able to survive in a human society

Question 2

What is the common ancestor of domesticated cattle?

Answer 2

Aurochs(en)

Question 3

Why haven’t we domesticated more mammals?

Answer 3

Relatively few species, artificial selection

Question 3

Why do domesticated mammals require an adaptable diet?

Answer 3

Need to be able to eat anything they can get hold of

Question 3

Why is domestication a slow process?

Answer 3

Selective breeding, variation within species

Question 3

Why were hamsters, mice and rats domesticated?

Answer 3

Pets, biomedical research

Question 4

Where does domestication still take place?

Answer 4

Laboratory, zoo, pet animals

Question 5

What were guinea pigs domesticated for?

Answer 5

Food

Question 6

What were horses first used for?

Answer 6

Meat

Question 7

Why is captive breeding important for domestication?

Answer 7

Animals need to not be highly strung and do not need to be coaxed into reproduction

Question 8

What is an issue caused by long duration of close contact?

Answer 8

Transfer of infection between animals and humans. Emergence of zoonotic disease

Question 9

How did agricultural development lead to the domestication of cats?

Answer 9

Cereal harvesting lead to more pest (mice and rats). Cats as pest contol

Question 10

When were herding animals domesticated for meat?

Answer 10

11,000 - 9,000 years ago

Question 10

Why were cats domesticated?

Answer 10

Based on tolerance not use

Question 11

What is evidence for dog domestication?

Answer 11

Archaeological record, mtDNA studies, Ancient DNA

Question 12

How do dogs help with hunting and searching?

Answer 12

Distance, scent, underground, retrieval

Question 13

What is a problem with the wild states of domesticated cats?

Answer 13

Can rapidly revert back into their wild state and become feral.

Question 13

What is the ancestor of domesticated cattle?

Answer 13

Wild boar

Question 14

What does ancient DNA show about dog domestication?

Answer 14

New world dogs derived from old world wolves.

Question 15

Why were dogs domesticated?

Answer 15

Wolves associated with humans at a number of locations across the world

Question 16

Why are mammals called walking larders?

Answer 16

Heard animals are conveniently sized to feed a family group

Question 17

What is now common in domesticated dogs which is not shown in wolves?

Answer 17

Starchy diet

Question 17

What are cattle domesticated for?

Answer 17

Meat, milk, hides, traction, transportation, wealth, sport

Question 18

What is unique about the wild horses in America?

Answer 18

Horses became extinct in North America. Those in America are descendants of domesticated horses from Europe

Question 19

What are the main reasons dogs breeds have been selected?

Answer 19

Hunting and searching, guarding, companionship

Question 20

Why are cats not great for domestication?

Answer 20

Solitary, Hypercarnivorous, Lack of social hierarchies

Question 22

What are the other benefits of mammal domestication?

Answer 22

Raw materials, transpirations, traction, fertilisation, protection, improved hunting, herding, fighting, companionship

Question 23

Why were donkeys domesticated?

Answer 23

Transport of cargo

Question 24

How does archaeological records show dog domestication?

Answer 24

Co-burials alongside humans, distinct skull morphology

Question 25

Who did domestic cats arise from?

Answer 25

Near Eastern Wildcats

Question 26

Why were ferrets domesticated?

Answer 26

Hunting

Question 27

How are mammals domesticated for raw materials?

Answer 27

Clothing, tools, shelter

Question 28

How has domestication changed?

Answer 28

Unconscious as early stages, then methodical

Question 29

Why is social hierarchical important for domestication?

Answer 29

Traits of living in a complex network allow them to function in a human society

Question 30

What traits mean that cats are less suited to domestication?

Answer 30

Hunting instincts, independence

Question 32

In which species is domestication dramatic?

Answer 32

Dogs and cats

Question 33

Why are arctic foxes and mink suitable for domestication for fur farms?

Answer 33

Flexible diet, fast growth, breed in captivity

Question 35

What are the primary benefits of domestication?

Answer 35

Reliable food source, Walking larders

Question 37

How is domestication methodical?

Answer 37

Artificial selection of desirable traits and selective breeding.

Question 38

What is the secondary products revolution?

Answer 38

Only recently discovered use of animals for other things

Question 39

What is an issue with domestication of ferrets in relation to polecats

Answer 39

Back-crossing and hybridisation

Question 40

Where did cats co-occur?

Answer 40

In agriculture

Question 41

When were guinea pigs domesticated?

Answer 41

7,000 years ago

Question 42

What is the selection for in the domestication of animals for fur farms?

Answer 42

Selection on pelage (fur) traits.

Question 42

What were rabbits domesticated for?

Answer 42

Ranching

Question 44

What are nomadic hunters?

Answer 44

Highly mobile and dependent on hunting temporary and patchy resources

Question 45

What was sedentary agrarian societies facilitated by?

Answer 45

The use of animals

Question 46

Which type of elephants are domesticated?

Answer 46

Asian

Question 47

When did cat-human co-burials arise

Answer 47

9,500

Question 49

What is seen in domesticated cats body plan?

Answer 49

Still conservative body plan similar to that of the wild cats

Question 50

When was the initial domestication?

Answer 50

\> 20,000 - 14,000 years ago

Question 51

What are the common traits for domestication?

Answer 51

Shortened rostrum, floppy ears, upright/curved tails, smaller size, piebald colouration, diminished horns, fatness, smaller brains, extended maturity

Question 52

How did animals facilitate the sedentary agrarian societies?

Answer 52

Transportation, trade, larger populations

Question 53

What is the secondary product of horses?

Answer 53

Milk, hunting, traction, transportation, warfare

Question 55

Who did dogs domesticated from?

Answer 55

Descended from wolves as a whole arctic species

Question 56

In which species is domestication subtle?

Answer 56

Llama and wild camelid

Question 57

What were elephants domesticated for?

Answer 57

Logging, transport, recreation, warfare

Question 58

How are mammals domesticated for transportation?

Answer 58

People directly, cargos, trade

Question 59

What is an issue in relation to escapes in domestication?

Answer 59

Feral escapes leads to conservation impacts of invasive, non-native species

Question 60

When were pigs domesticated?

Answer 60

9,000 years ago

Question 61

What were sheep originally domesticated for?

Answer 61

Meat, milk and hides

Question 62

Why is growth rate important for domestication?

Answer 62

Fast growth rates so they can be used for food

Question 63

What are the most recent rodents to be domesticated?

Answer 63

Hamsters, mice and rats

Question 65

What is hypercarnivorous?

Answer 65

Only eat meats - not a flexible diet

Question 66

What were goats domesticated for?

Answer 66

Large scale transportation

Question 67

How was wool first taken from sheep?

Answer 67

Plucked

Question 68

How can ferrets help hunting?

Answer 68

Ferrets put down the warren to drive rabbits out

Question 69

How were wolves domesticated?

Answer 69

Able to display and understand signals of submissive behaviour

Question 70

What are the requirements for domestication?

Answer 70

Adaptable diet, growth rate, captive breeding, less aggressive, even temperament, social hierarchical