Articulation and Resonance Flashcards
failure of soft palate to close during speech, resulting in hypernasality
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
x-ray of movement
Cineradiography
putting sensors on palate to record tongue movement
Electropalatography
sEMG; putting electrodes on skin surface, reading muscle mvt
Electromyography
Four common tools used in articulation analysis
sEMG
Nasometer
Phemotachograph
Spectrogram
Four main articulators
Lips
Jaw
Tongue
Velum
nasality of a sound bleeding over into another
Nasal assimilation
If the velum can’t close, it can affect sounds that require high pressure, such as __ or __ consonants
stop; fricative
Motor system of newborn governed by
protective reflexes
Four elements of basic motor control infants encounter that support speech development
Gravity
Flexor-extensor balance
Trunk control
Differentiation
In what two ways does gravity help speech development?
-Combined with parent’s carrying baby = stimulates vestibular system
-muscle tone develops with gravity taken into account
These two elements helps infants to sit up and stand, which makes talking easier
flexor-extensor; trunk control
The infant differentiating between tongue, jaw, and parts of tongue helps them to make more and more ___ sounds
complex
What happens to a child’s nasopharynx as they grow into adulthood?
enlarges and becomes more angled
What happens to a child’s pharynx and oral cavity as they grow into adulthood?
grow in size
What happens to a child’s tongue as they grow into adulthood?
drops and grows
A child’s tongue is 75% the size of an adult’s by age __
7
Vocal tract is __-__ cm at birth and __-__ cm as adult
6-8; 15-18
1st 2 years, hard palate grows by __ cm, SP grows by __ cm, jaw grows by __ cm
1; 0.5; 2
the thought that inspires the speech process
Proposition
articulatory theory that there’s a master control system that controls all movement, sensory system gives feedback
Central control theory
articulatory theory where muscle groups work as a unit to achieve a movement path (trajectory) and adapt to unique conditions
dynamic action theory models
articulatory theory: to do a sound, have to link series of actions together in an order
associated chain
weakness of associated chain theory
Doesn’t account for coarticulation and dynamism of speech
