Neuroanatomy - overview

Question 1

point of union between two neurons

Answer 1

synapse

Question 2

BRAIN

runs voluntary functions

Answer 2

cerebral cortex

Question 3

Group of nuclei, very involved in background movement

Answer 3

basal ganglia

Question 4

means by which nervous system translates info about internal/external environment to something brain can use

Answer 4

sensors

Question 5

Parts of the nervous system that respond to changing conditions

Answer 5

effectors

Question 6

of neurons in nervous system

Answer 6

100 billion

Question 7

Process of integrating multiple senses to process stimulation

Answer 7

Combined sensation

Question 8

sensation from inside body

Answer 8

deep sensation

Question 9

sensation arising from surface of body

Answer 9

superficial sensation

Question 10

what three things constitute mechanical stimulation

Answer 10

light/deep pressure
vibration changes in joints and muscles

Question 11

sensation related to pain, temperature and mechanical stimulation

Answer 11

somatic sense

Question 13

sense of body in motion

Answer 13

Kinesthetic sense/kinesthesia

Question 14

designed to transduce specific exteroceptive info

Answer 14

Special senses

Question 15

type of sense receptor that responds to physical distortion of tissue

Answer 15

mechanoreceptors

Question 16

type of sense receptor that needs contact with molecules of target substance

Answer 16

Chemoreceptor

Question 17

type of sense receptors that interprets light

Answer 17

photoreceptor

Question 18

type of sense receptor that interprets temperature

Answer 18

thermoreceptor

Question 19

name for visual and hearing sense receptors

Answer 19

telereceptors

Question 20

type of sense receptor that monitor events in the body

Answer 20

Interoceptors

Question 21

type of sense receptor that responds to stimulus outside body

Answer 21

Exteroceptors

Question 22

sensors that monitor change in body or body part’s position in space or muscle and joint sensors

Answer 22

proprioceptors

Question 23

Answer 23

meissner corpsucle

Question 25

Answer 25

pacinian corpuscle

Question 26

Answer 26

nerve endings

Question 27

Answer 27

Ruffini's corpuscles

Question 28

Answer 28

Merkel's disks

Question 29

these receptors sense vibration

Answer 29

pacinian corpuscles

Question 30

these receptors sense touch that results in indentation

Answer 30

Merkel

Question 31

these receptors sense stretch

Answer 31

Ruffini corpuscle

Question 32

these receptors sense light touch or brushing

Answer 32

Hair follicles

Question 33

these receptors sense dynamic movement (ie moving hands)

Answer 33

Meissner corpuscles

Question 34

what is in the CNS?

Answer 34

everything in the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

what are the three parts of the PNS?

Answer 35

spinal nerves, cranial nerves, sensory receptors

Question 36

two divisions of the nervous system relating to movement

Answer 36

autonomic (involuntary) and somatic (voluntary)

Question 37

Two subdivisions of ANS

Answer 37

Sympathetic (fight/flight) and parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Question 38

The PNS has ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of spinal nerves as well as __ __

Answer 38

12; 31; sensory receptors

Question 39

another name of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 39

thoracolumbar

Question 40

another name for parasympathetic system

Answer 40

craniosacral

Question 41

difference between afferent and efferent

Answer 41

afferent = goes TOWARD brain, sensory efferent = goes AWAY form brain, motor

Question 42

two subdivisions of SNS

Answer 42

pyramidal extrapyramidal

Question 43

this part of the SNS lives on the motor strip of the cerebral cortex and is responsible for initiation of voluntary motor acts

Answer 43

pyramidal

Question 44

this part of the SNS lives in the cerebral cortex (mostly frontal lobe) and controls background tone/mvt supporting primary acts

Answer 44

extrapyramidal

Question 45

Another name for brain, sometimes in the context of embryonic development

Answer 45

Encephalon

Question 46

A 4-week-old embryo has these three parts

Answer 46

The cephalons Prosen cephalon = forebrain Mesen cephalon = midbrain Rhomben cephalon = hindbrain

Question 47

two types of aggregates of neurons

Answer 47

1) ganglia 2) tracts

Question 48

Nervous system made up of communicating cells (__) and support tissue, __ __

Answer 48

neurons; glial cells

Question 49

3 parts of neuron

Answer 49

1. Dendrites 2. Soma 3. Axon

Question 50

stimulation of neuron that reduces neuron’s output

Answer 50

inhibition

Question 51

stimulation that causes increase of activity

Answer 51

excitation

Question 52

the part of the cell that grows out of the soma into an axon is called the

Answer 52

axon hillock

Question 53

_____ cells make myelin sheaths in PNS

Answer 53

Schwann

Question 54

In CNS, myelin sheaths made up of ___

Answer 54

oligodendrocytes

Question 55

gaps between myeline sheaths are called ____. This is where action potential is triggered

Answer 55

nodes of Ranvier

Question 56

Gap between two neurons where neurotransmitter is released

Answer 56

synaptic cleft

Question 57

This type of matter is composed of dendrites, somas, and proximal parts of axons

Answer 57

gray

Question 58

this type of matter is composed of spinal tracts and myelinated axons

Answer 58

white

Question 59

Neurotransmitters are housed in __ __at the __, or end of the axon

Answer 59

synaptic vesicles; telodendria

Question 60

Name type of neuron

Answer 60

Unipolar

Question 61

neurons are named from the number of ___ arising from the soma

Answer 61

processes

Question 62

name the type of neuron

Answer 62

bipolar

Question 63

name the type of neuron

Answer 63

multipolar

Question 64

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 64

provide support and supply nutrients

Question 65

what do microglia do?

Answer 65

scavenge necrotic tissue formed by lesion

Question 66

Brain system having to do with basic needs

Answer 66

limbic

Question 67

Short-term memory housed in the __ system

Answer 67

limbic

Question 68

mass of nuclei that goes through whole brainstem, oldest part of brain, basic functions like respiration and control of blood pressure

Answer 68

Reticular formation

Question 69

3 functions of spinal cord

Answer 69

Translator 1) Receive sensory info from all areas below neck 2) Communication between brain and body via spinal nerves 3) Transmits motor commands

Question 70

The spinal cord is composed of

Answer 70

neurons

Question 71

Integration of sensory info, motor planning, cognitive processing, learning are all functions of the

Answer 71

cerebellum

Question 72

Consciousness, planning, ideation and cognition are all functions of the

Answer 72

cerebrum

Question 73

This test uses strong magnets to align nuclei of body’s atoms, two or three-dimensional images

Answer 73

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Question 74

This test measures blood flow of tissue, which can help highlight what areas of the brain are used to process specific types of info

Answer 74

fMRI (functional MRI)

Question 75

This test uses low-dose irradiation to make 3-D images. It's good for showing cerebrovascular supply, density of tissue (good for id-ing tumors)

Answer 75

CT/CAT scan

Question 75

This test is a type of CT scan uses ionizing radiation can label neurotransmitters and observe active sites

Answer 75

PET (positron emission tomography)

Question 75

This type of test measures brainwaves (ie electrical currents) over scalp

Answer 75

EEG - electroencephalography

Question 76

name the type of test

Answer 76

EEG