Neuroanatomy - Brain Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
This is the largest part of the nervous system, weighing in at 3lb
A
cerebrum
2
Q
What are the three layers of the meninges and where are they?
A
- dura matter (outermost - attached to skull)
- arachnoid matter
- pia matter (deepest - attached to brain)
3
Q
What are the two functions of the meninges?
A
Protection
Fixing structures in place
4
Q
part of meninges that separates two cerebral hemispheres
A
falx cerebri
5
Q
part of meninges that separates two cerebellar hemispheres
A
falx cerebelli
6
Q
part of meninges - horizontal shelf at base of skull that divides cerebrum from cerebellum
A
Tentorium cerebelli
7
Q
part of meninges that forms cover over pituitary gland
A
Diaphragma sella
8
Q
What are two functions of CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)?
A
- Shock absorption
- Nutrient delivery and waste removal
9
Q
A
Lateral ventricles
10
Q
A
Third ventricle
11
Q
A
Fourth ventricle
12
Q
The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle via the
A
cerebral aqueduct
13
Q
The lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle via the
A
interventricular foramen
14
Q
outer layer of cerebrum, meaning “bark” as in bark of a tree
A
cerebral cortex
15
Q
This part of the brain is mostly made up of pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells
A
cerebral cortex
16
Q
how did pyramidal cells get their name?
A
named as such because top of pyramid facing to top of cerebral cortex
17
Q
These types of cells in the brain:
-Usually star-shaped
-Sensory function
-Intercommunication between brain regions
-Connect more local regions
A
nonpyramidal
18
Q
6 layers of cerebral cortex
A
1) glial cells, axons
2) small pyramidal
3) large pyramidal
4) nonpyramidal
5) large pyramidal
6) pyramidal
19
Q
what is this?
A
brodmann map of cerebrum
20
Q
separates R and L cerebrum, down to corpus callosum
A
Cerebral (superior) longitudinal fissure
21
Q
“Mountains” of the brain
A
gyri
22
Q
“Valleys” of the brain
A
sulci
23
Q
Really deep valley of brain
A
fissure
24
Q
the temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and anterior parietal lobes by
A
lateral sulcus/sylvian fissure
25
separates frontal and parietal lobes
Central/Rolandic sulcus
26
five lobes of cerebrum
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Insula
27
primary motor cortex
28
In the motor strip, the parts that affect speech most directly are on the ___ side
lateral
29
These two speech-relevant structures are in the frontal lobe
broca's and primary motor cortex
30
Brodmann area 4
primary motor cortex
31
Brodmann area 44-45
broca's area
32
the _____ lobe houses motor areas for speech, judgement and problem-solving
frontal
33
the _____ interprets sensory information from the tongue
insula
34
the _____ lobe deals with hearing, language comprehension, learning, memory, recall
temporal
35
the _____ lobe interprets sensory information from the eyes
occipital
36
the _____ lobe interprets sensory information
parietal
37
3 parts of brainstem from superior to inferior
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
38
Brainstem:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
39
motor strip at this gyrus
precentral
40
sensory counterpart to motor strip is here; sensory input, inside parietal lobe
Postcentral gyrus
41
BA for postcentral gyrus
1-3
41
Specific part of brain that integrates info from vision, audition and somatic sense
inferior parietal lobule
41
BA for inf. parietal lobule
5, 7
42
in inf. parietal lobule; important for reading comprehension
angular gyri
43
in inf. parietal lobule; important for writing, higher level motor planning
supramarginal gyri
44
Ba for angular gyri
39
45
Ba for supramarginal gyri
40
46
Primary area of the brain for understanding and processing speech and language
wernicke's area
47
all auditory info goes here
Heschl’s gyrus
48
BA for heschl's gyrus
41-42
49
BA for wernicke's area
22
50
The ___ sulcus and the __ __ area in the occipital lobe receive visual info
calcarine; visual association
51
Ba for calcarine sulcus
17
52
Ba for visual association area
18-19
53
insula
54
information superhighway of the brain
corpus callosum
55
corpus callosum
56
sections of corp. callosum from ant to post
1) genu
2) rostrum
3) body
4) splenium
57
inferior surface of brain: anterior portion known as
orbital surface
58
primary olfactory cortex (piriform lobe) made up of these three
PUriform LUbe
1) uncus
2) parahippocampal gyrus
3) lat olfactory stria
59
three types of communicating fibers in cerebral cortex
1) projection
2) association
3) commissural
60
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
type that links between cortex, brainstem, spinal cord
projection
61
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
type that communicates within hemisphere
association
62
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
type that communicates from one location in hemisphere to corresponding location in opposite hemisphere
commissural
63
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
The main type of projection fibers is the __ __, which eventually condenses to become the __ __
corona radiata; internal capsule
64
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
This association fiber structure allows superior and middle frontal gyri to communicate with temporal, parietal and occipital lobes
Arcuate fasciculus
65
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
biggest group of commissural fibers
corpus callosum
66
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
connect right and left olfactory areas and portions of inf. and middle temporal gyri
anterior commissure
67
This structure in the brain is unmylinated, involved in background mvt, and works of movement smoothness and muscle tone
basal ganglia
68
three main parts of basal nuclei
G PC
1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
69
BASAL NUCLEI
Corpus striatum is combo of these three
LIC
Lentiform nucleus (putamen and pallidum)
internal capsule
Caudate nucleus
70
BASAL NUCLEI
Lenticular nucleus/lentiform is combo of these two
Putamen and pallidum
71
list sup to info
1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
72
Four parts of subcortex
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
73
list, sup to inf
1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
4) amygdala
74
Diencephalon = these four regions
All about the thalamus
Thalamus
epi thalamus
hypo thalamus
sub thalamus
75
All sensation except smell goes through here to cerebral cortex
thalamus
76
Relay/integration center for motor impulses from cerebellum and globus pallidus to motor cortex
thalamus
77
This is on the post. part of the thalamus, works with impulses and language
pulvinar
78
This part of the brain is below the thalamus and has to do with control of striated muscle
subthalamus
79
this part of the brain makes up the floor of the third ventricle and organizational structure for limbic system
hypothalamus
80
this part of the brain regulates sex drive, food/water, digestive, ANS, emotion, sleep, temperature
hypothalamus
81
This is the core of the cerebellum and looks like a tree
arbor vitae
82
What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
targeted, precise movement like writing
83
this par to of the brain houses 80% of the brain's neurons
cerebellum
84
In addition to motor control, the cerebellum also is involved in these six areas:
1) cognitive processing
2) limbic system
3) reticular activating system
4) cortical association
5) executive function
6) memory
85
Looking at a person from behind, the ____ splits their cerebellum vertically, and the __ __ splits it horizontally
vermis; primary fissure
86
lobes in cerebellum
1) anterior
2) middle (posterior)
3) flocculonodular
86
cerebellum has __ lobes
3,
87
cerebellum attached to brainstem via these three
peduncles - sup, mid and inf
88
the cerebellum touches these two parts of brain stem
1) medulla oblongata
2) pons
89
name, sup to inf
1) vermis
2) ant lobe
3) primary fissure
4) post lobe
90
___ is right on top of midbrain
diencephalon
91
list, sup to inf
sup colliculus
inf colliculus
cerebral peduncle
92
most inf part of midbrain houses the __ __, or the __ __
crus cerebri; cerebral peduncles
93
the __ __ communicate from the midbrain to the cerebrum
cerebral peduncles
94
the posterior part of the midbrain houses the ___, which is composed of four landmarks, the __ __
tectum; corpora quadrigemina
95
the midbrain's corpora quadrigemina is made up of the right and left __ and __ ___
superior and inferior colliculi
96
medulla oblongata houses the __ __, point where motor commands from cortex cross to other side of body
pyramidal decussation
97
the __ __ controls vital and nonvital reflexes
medulla oblongata
98
sup to inf
1) pyramid
2) olive
3) site of decussation
99
Bridge between medulla, midbrain and cerebellum
pons
100
Middle and superior cerebellar peduncles originate here
pons
101
two parts of pons
tegmentum
basilar portion
102
reticular formation continuing out of medulla into other parts of brainstem
tegmentum
103
Respiratory center is housed in
pons
104
BA for primary visual cortex
17
105
NAME THE CORTEX
vision (VI)
106
NAME THE CORTEX
somatic (sense) - SI
107
BA and name of primary somatic cortex
postcentral gyrus (1-3)
108
BA and name of primary auditory cortex
Heschl's gyrus (41)
109
NAME THE CORTEX
Auditory (AI)
110
BA and name of primary motor cortex
4/motor strip
111
NAME THE CORTEX
motor (MI)
112
NAME THE CORTEX
olfactory
113
What are the BA's/names of structures associated with the piriform cortex?
27 (parahippocampal gyrus), 34 (uncus)
114
Arcuate fasciculus
115
supermarginal gyrus
116
precentral gyrus
117
postcentral gyrus
118
angular gyrus
119
middle temporal gyrus
120
middle frontal gyrus
121
orbital gyrus
122
___ ___ have highest order info processing in cerebral cortex
association areas
123
Temporal-occipital-parietal (TOP)
124
This association cortex takes input from auditory, visual and sense regions and integrates them with speech
Temporal-occipital-parietal (TOP) association cortex
125
This association cortex is important for motivation, emotion and memory
Limbic association association cortex
126
name association cortex
limbic
127
name the association cortex
prefrontal
128
this association cortex integrates of info in preparation for motor act, and also is involved in higher-level cognitive processes
prefrontal
129
for most people, language/speech is dominated by the ___ hemisphere and spatial and tonal info is dominated by the ___ hemisphere
left; right
130
in ___ of left-handed people, language is dominated by the ___ hemisphere, or shared between the hemispheres
30%; right
131
Wernicke's area inside this gyrus
superior temporal
132
__ ___ is primarily responsible for receiving auditory info, and __ ___ is primarily responsible for processing that info
heschl's gyrus; wernicke's area
133
____'s area has to do with the planning of speech
Broca
134
CEREBRAL CORTEX FIBERS
This series of connecting fibers connect Wernicke's and Broca's areas
arcuate fasciculus
135
the ___ region makes a plan for how to speak, then the __ __ initiates the movement
premotor; motor strip
136
the __ association area provides input to motor strip for higher cognitive aspects of speech
prefrontal
