Phonation Physio

Question 1

process of capturing air in thorax to provide muscles with a structure ot push or pull

Answer 1

Abdominal fixation

Question 2

what is the primary function of the larynx?

Answer 2

protect the airway

Question 3

the perceptual (psychological) correlation of frequency of vibration

Answer 3

Pitch

Question 4

of cycles of vibration per second

Answer 4

Frequency

Question 5

frequency is determined by these four factors

Answer 5

Mise (as in meeseeks)

elasticity
stiffness
mass
inertia

Question 6

“Given constant volume of flow of air/fluid, at point of constriction there is decrease in pressure perpendicular to flow and increase in velocity of flow”

Answer 6

Bernoulli principle

Question 7

Frequency of vibration of vocal folds is called

Answer 7

fundamental frequency

Question 8

a sound’s intensity is also called its

Answer 8

amplitude

Question 9

degree to which waveform deviates from zero line

Answer 9

amplitude

Question 10

first adduction of vocal folds over a moving airstream

Answer 10

Vocal Attack

Question 11

process of abducting VF to stop phonation

Answer 11

Termination of phonation

Question 12

phonation that continues for long durations due to tonic contraction of VF adductors

Answer 12

Sustained phonation

Question 13

Three types of vocal attacks

Answer 13

1) simultaneous
2) breathy
3) hard/glottal

Question 14

Primary arytenoid mvt for adduction

Answer 14

inward rocking

Question 15

differences in mode of vibration of vocal folds called

Answer 15

Registers

Question 16

how long a person can sustain a sound is called

Answer 16

maximum phonation

Question 17

Differences in registers come from these three factors

Answer 17

Laryngeal tension, medial compression and subglottal pressure

Question 18

Normally phonation requires _____ cm H20, but for pulse register it requires ____

Answer 18

3-5; 2

Question 19

Four vocal registers

Answer 19

Pulse/glottal
Modal
Falsetto
Whistle

Question 21

In this register, there is no vocal fold contact; the sound comes from turbulence

Answer 21

whistle

Question 22

Two variations of modal register

Answer 22

Pressed
Breathy

Question 23

In this type of modal speaking, the medial part of the VFs are compressed and the sound is louder

Answer 23

pressed

Question 24

In this type of modal speaking, there is inadequate closure, leading to an airy sound

Answer 24

Breathy

Question 25

The switch from modal to falsetto happens in this Hertz range

Answer 25

300-600 (D4-D5)

Question 26

VF vibration most appropriate/efficient for an individual

Answer 26

Optimal pitch

Question 27

VF vibration a person usually uses is called

Answer 27

habitual pitch

Question 28

_____'s VF experience a growth spurt during puberty

Answer 28

everyone's

Question 29

In adult males fundamental frequency increases after age __

Answer 29

50

Question 30

three changeable elements of VF that determine pitch

Answer 30

tension, length and mass/unit (via spreading or contracting)

Question 31

VF lengthening happens because the ____ contracts and tilts the thyroid ____, which elongates VF, and the ____ fine-tunes the adjustment

Answer 31

CT muscle; down; thyrovocalis

Question 32

These three muscles are involved in raising pitch

Answer 32

CT, posterior CA, thyrovocalis

Question 33

The thyrovocalis is an antagonist for the ___ muscle, and the ___ is the antagonist for the thyrovocalis muscle

Answer 33

CT; posterior CA

Question 34

This muscle is responsible for shortening and thickening the vocal folds

Answer 34

thyromuscularis

Question 35

The __ and __ __lengthen (tense) the VF and __ muscle increases medial contact of folds

Answer 35

CT, posterior CA; TA

Question 36

psychological perception of intensity

Answer 36

loudness

Question 37

sound pressure level associated with given speech production

Answer 37

Vocal intensity

Question 38

in order to increase vocal intensity, have to increase ____ ____ and ____ ____of the vocal folds

Answer 38

SG pressure; medial compression

Question 39

three parts of VF vibratory cycle

Answer 39

opening closing closed

Question 40

when vocal intensity increases, the opening phase ____ to about ___%

Answer 40

decreases; 33%

Question 41

when vocal intensity increases, the closed phase ____ to about ___%

Answer 41

increases; 33

Question 42

cycle-by-cycle variation in fundamental frequency of vibration

Answer 42

Vocal jitter

Question 43

what are the six elements of prosody?

Answer 43

SLID RP Pitch Intonation Loudness Stress Duration Rhythm

Question 44

the system of stress used to vary meaning

Answer 44

Prosody

Question 45

another name for monotone

Answer 45

monopitch

Question 46

a name for unvarying loudness

Answer 46

monoloud

Question 47

two current theories of phonation

Answer 47

1) myoelastic-aerodynamic theory 2) cover body theory

Question 47

who championed the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation?

Answer 47

Van den Berg

Question 48

who championed the cover body theory of phonation?

Answer 48

Hirano, Kakita, Titze

Question 49

name the theory of phonation: vibration depends of elasticity of muscles and aerodynamics, as well as the bernoulli principle

Answer 49

myoelastic-aerodynamic theory

Question 50

name the theory of phonation: the VF can create complex and nuanced sounds because of the interaction between the ___ (mucous layers) and ___ (ILP, DLP, TV muscle)

Answer 50

cover body

Question 51

complete loss of voice

Answer 51

aphonia

Question 52

perception of two pitches in voicing

Answer 52

Diplophonia

Question 53

reduction in any vocal function

Answer 53

Dysphonia

Question 54

spreading of cancerous cells

Answer 54

Metastasis

Question 55

complete loss of function due to neurological lesion

Answer 55

Paralysis

Question 56

partial loss of muscle function due to neurological lesion

Answer 56

Paresis

Question 57

clinical name for harsh voice

Answer 57

stridor

Question 58

clinical name for swallowing disorder

Answer 58

dysphagia

Question 59

pain during swallowing is called

Answer 59

Odynophagia

Question 60

most instances of vocal trauma come from

Answer 60

motor vehicle accidents

Question 61

benign or cancerous growths are called

Answer 61

Neoplasms

Question 62

what are six symptoms of vocal nodules?

Answer 62

Hoarseness Breathiness Harsh phonation Pain Loss of range/endurance Easily fatigue

Question 63

medical name of laryngeal cancer

Answer 63

carcinoma

Question 64

another name for vocal variability in loudness is vocal ___

Answer 64

shimmer

Question 65

this neoplasm is like a vocal callus

Answer 65

nodule

Question 66

vocal nodules usually show up on the ___ part of the VF

Answer 66

anterior 2/3

Question 67

cause of vocal nodules

Answer 67

usually vocal abuse/excessive force

Question 68

this neoplasm is a soft, fluid-filled sack that can either be on a stalk or directly attached to VF

Answer 68

polyp

Question 69

this neoplasm can sometimes come from a single event

Answer 69

polyp

Question 70

vocal polyps usually show up on the ___ part of the VF

Answer 70

anterior 2/3, inner margin