Hearing Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
Three sections of ear
A
outer, middle, inner
2
Q
the structure that we normally think of as the ear, on the outside
A
Pinna/auricle
3
Q
two purposes of pinna
A
funnel sound energy and aiding localization of sound in space
4
Q
curled outer part of pinna
A
Helix
5
Q
two ends of the superior part of antihelix after it splits in two
A
Crura of antihelix
6
Q
entrance to ear canal
A
concha
7
Q
another name of ear canal
A
External auditory meatus (EAM)
8
Q
Medial point of auricle, when pressed down can cover the concha
A
Tragus
9
Q
most inferior dangly bit of auricle
A
lobule
10
Q
another name for eardrum
A
Tympanic membrane (TM)
11
Q
another name for ear wax
A
Cerumen
12
Q
Protects TM from dirt and insects via hairs and cerumen
A
ear canal
13
Q
marks boundary between outer and middle ear
A
TM
14
Q
what are the three layers of the tympanic membrane made of?
A
Outer = epithelial from EAM
Middle = fibrous tissue, makes structure (actually 2 layers)
Inner = lining of middle ear
15
Q
portion of TM on the bottom that reflects light back to doctor
A
Cone of light
16
Q
“tucking” point of helix
A
Crus of helix
17
Q
what are the names of the three layers of the TM?
A
cuticular (outer)
fibrous (middle)
mucous (inner)
18
Q
bones of ear known as
A
ossicles
19
Q
Three bones that form ossicular chain
A
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
20
Q
what is the purpose of the ossicular chain?
A
transmit acoustic energy to inner ear
21
Q
A
malleus bone
22
Q
middle ear bone nicknamed anvil
A
incus
23
Q
A
incus
24
Q
this middle ear bone is nicknamed “stirrup”
A
stapes
25
Ossicular chain held in place by
ligaments
26
Two muscles of inner ear (smallest in body)
Stapedius
Tensor tympani
27
what is the function of the stapedius muscle?
rotates stapes to stiffen ossicular chain
28
the tympanic muscles ____ ossicular motion to protect the ears
inhibit
29
stapes
30
what is the function of the tensor tympani muscle?
pull malleus to stiffen ossicular chain
31
activation of the stapedial muscle turns on after 85 dB, and is known as the
acoustic reflex
32
in the middle ear, what contains the footplate of stapes?
oval window
32
in middle ear, what is inferior to oval window, bulge made by cochlea
promontory
33
in middle ear, what is inferior to promontory, sealed by secondary tympanic membrane
Round window
34
in middle ear, bulge between lateral semicircular canal and oval window
Prominence of facial nerve
35
path for O2 to get to middle ear, connected to nasopharynx
Auditory/Eustachian tube
36
skull bone behind the ear, opposite of jaw
Mastoid process
37
can reach floor of middle ear, infection can be a problem
mastoid air cells
38
inflammation of mastoid bone, can lead to hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, tinnitus, brain infection and death
Mastoiditis
39
what are two functions of the mastoid air cells?
1) help keep bone light
2) helps transmit sound to brain
40
what are the two functions of the oval window?
1) house footplate of stapes
2) communicate point between scala vestibuli and middle ear
41
what is the function of the round window?
communicate/connection point between scala tympani and middle ear
42
Inflammation of the middle ear; common in children because their Eustachian tubes collect fluid more easily
otitis media
43
what are the two labyrinths of the inner ear?
osseous and membranous
44
The osseous labyrinth contains the ____ ____, and inside them are the membranous ____ ___.
semicircular canals; semicircular ducts
45
The function of the semicircular canals/ducts is to
help with balance and our sense of bodies in space
46
In between the semicircular canals and the cochlea is the
vestibule
47
The cochlear canal is coiled around the central __ bone
modiolus (hub of a wheel)
48
What are the three channels of the cochlea from superior to inferior?
scala vestibuli
cochlear duct (scala media)
scala tympani
49
within the membranous inner ear, what are the two sections?
vestibular labyrinth (in displacer beast part)
cochlear labyrinth
50
Scala vestibuli and scala tympani meet here at the apex of the cochlea
helicotrema
51
the vestibular labyrinth's two membranous sacs that serve as vestibular receptors
US from Baldur's Gate
utricle
saccule
52
what are the two membranes that are on the ends of the cochlear duct, and sandwich the Organ of Corti between them
Reissner's membrane
Basilar membrane
53
the hearing organ at the center of the cochlea
Organ of Corti
54
In the Organ of Corti, these hair cells have stereocilia on the top, are in a single row, and are teardrop shaped
inner hair cells
55
In the Organ of Corti, these hair cells have stereocilia on the top, are 4 rows and are test tube-shaped
outer hair cells
56
this bundle of nerves is the way we hear background noise; connected to hairs in inner ear
Olivocochlear bundle
57
the small membrane over the Organ of Corti that the hairs brush up against when the organ moves
tectorial membrane
58
which cranial nerve is the auditory nerve?
VIII - vestibulocochlear
59
ear deformity with small auricle - common in Down syndrome
Microtia
60
what is the function of the middle ear?
increases pressure by decreasing area - makes it possible for sound to go from air to water
61
what is the function of the inner ear in regards to hearing?
processes pitch, frequency and volume
62
the part of the auditory system that sends the signals to the brain
auditory pathway
63
the part of the auditory system that interprets the auditory signal
cerebral cortex
64
gelatinous mass inside the ampullae of the semicircular ducts that helps with dynamic movement
cupula
65
which part of the ear inner is responsible for maintaining static equilibrium?
otoliths
66
another name for the utricle and saccule
otoliths
67
anatomical term for hearing
audition
68
What are the four language goals for children with hearing impairments?
NPR SV
Expand vocab
Enhance syntax and pragmatics
Develop narrative skills
Literacy (reading)
69
what are the three speech goals for children with hearing impairments?
VIP
-Increase amount of vocalizations
-Expand phonetic and phonemic repertoire
-Increase speech intelligibility
70
this type of equilibrium is also known as the "righting reflex" and helps us not to fall
static equilibrium
71
this type of equilibrium helps keep us balanced when we or the environment around us is moving
dynamic equilibrium
72
where are the ampullae of the semicircular ducts?
the balls at the end of the displacer beast's tentacles
73
4 important membranes of the ear and their location
1) tympanic membrane - barrier outer and middle ear
2) tectorial membrane - Organ of Corti
3) Reissner's membrane - inner, connected to Basilar, divides vestibuli from cochlear duct
4) Basilar membrane - inner, connected to Reissner, divides cochlear duct from scala tympani
74
The tympanic membrane is completely developed in utero by ___
18 weeks
75
hearing begins in the womb at ___
23-24 weeks
76
the ossicles are fully developed by ___
birth
77
the hearing mechanism in innervated by the ___ cranial nerve, which splits to form the ___ and ___ nerves
8th (vestibulocochlear); vestibular, cochlear
