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A&P of Speech and Hearing > Swallowing > Flashcards

Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

process of swallowing called

A

Deglutition

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2
Q

process of preparing food for swallowing

A

Mastication

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3
Q

Process of swallowing requires __ pairs of muscles

A

55

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4
Q

instrument to measure tongue force

A

Iowa Oral Pressure Instrument (IOPI)

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5
Q

test to measure muscle function during swallowing

A

Electromyography (EMG)

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6
Q

tool for measuring swallowing functionality

A

Modified Barium Swallow Study (MBSS)

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7
Q

Test that involves tube with camera through nose, into pharynx, looks at vocal folds, back of tongue

A

nasoendoscopy

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8
Q

Another name for nasoendoscopy

A

FEES - Fiber endoscopic eval of swallowing

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9
Q

In infants, the ___ locks behind the __ so the child can breathe and feed at the same time

A

velum; epiglottis

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10
Q

Infants find food through the ___ reflex, which is triggered by stimulation to the __ or __

A

rooting; lips; cheek

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11
Q

The sucking reflex is first this ___

A

tongue protrusion in and out of mouth in prep of nipple

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12
Q

what are the three stages of swallowing?

A

Oral
Pharyngeal
Esophageal

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13
Q

two substages of oral stage of swallowing

A

preparatory and transport

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14
Q

how many muscles are involved in the oral prep stage?

A

19

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15
Q

Which five non-tongue VII muscles are involved in the oral prep stage?

A
  1. Orb oris
  2. Mentalis
    3, 4. Buccinator and risorius
  3. Digastric
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16
Q

what are the six muscular actions of the oral prep stage?

A
  1. Lips close to keep food inside
  2. SP lowers to breathe through nose
  3. Jaw chews
  4. Back of tongue bunches to seal in food
  5. Tongue moves food around, mixes with saliva
  6. Cheeks contract so food doesn’t get between gums and cheeks
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17
Q

which six V muscles are involved in oral prep?

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Lateral pterygoid
  5. Mylohyoid
  6. Digastric
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18
Q

which six XII tongue muscles are involved in oral prep?

A

1) geniohyoid
2) superior long.
3) inf. long.
4) vert tongue muscles
5) genioglossus
6) styloglossus

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19
Q

what two X and XI muscles are involved oral prep?

A
  1. Palatoglossus
  2. Palatopharyngeus
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20
Q

what are the five muscular actions of the oral transport stage?

A

1) Tongue base drops and tongue pulls posteriorly
2) Chewing stops
3) Ant. tongue elevates to HP
4) VF close
5) Tongue tip and dorsum move to squeeze bolus posteriorly (squeezing moves front to back)

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21
Q

how many muscles are involved in the oral transport stage?

A

9

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22
Q

which four V muscles are involved in the oral transport stage?

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Internal pterygoid
  4. Mylohyoid
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23
Q

which four XII muscles are involved in oral transport stage?

A
  1. Sup. long.
  2. Vertical
  3. Genioglossus
  4. Styloglossus
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24
Q

Which X and XI muscle is involved in the oral transport stage?

A
  1. Palatoglossus
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25
what happens in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing?
bolus moves from oral cavity through pharynx to esophageal entrance
26
what does UES stand for?
upper esophageal sphincter
27
what are the five main events in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing?
1. bolus gets to faucial pillars 2. Bolus propelled through pharynx to relaxed UES 3. Tight seal protects airway - VF, false folds, epiglottis, SP 4. Respiration stops for milliseconds 5. Food passes over epiglottis, gets divided into two equal masses, moves through pyriform sinuses to esophagus
27
how many muscles are involved in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing?
27
28
what are the three V muscles involved in the pharyngeal phase?
1. Mylohyoid 2. Digastricus 3. Tensor veli palatini
29
what are the two VII muscles involved in the pharyngeal stage?
1. Digastricus 2. Stylohyoid - elevates hyoid and larynx
30
what are the nine XII muscles involved in the pharyngeal stage?
7 are tongue, 3 hyoid 1. Geniohyoid 2. Genioglossus 3. Styloglossus 4. Hyoglossus 5. Thyrohyoid 6. Sup. longitudinal 7. Inf. longitudinal 8. Transverse 9. Vertical
31
what are the six muscles innervated by BOTH X and XI that are involved in the pharyngeal stage?
Lots of palate, pharyngeal constrictor 1. Palatoglossus 2. Levator veli palatini 3. Musculus uvulae 4. Palatopharyngeus 5. Inf constrictor - Cricopharyngeus 6. Middle pharyngeal constrictor
32
what is the one muscle ONLY innervated by XI that is involved in the pharyngeal stage?
Salpingopharyngeus
33
what is the one IX muscle involved in the pharyngeal stage?
Stylopharyngeus
34
what are the five muscles ONLY innervated by X that are involved in the pharyngeal stage?
LARYNX 1. Lat cricoarytenoid 2. Transverse arytenoid 3. Oblique arytenoid 4. Aryepiglotticus 5. Thyroepiglotticus
35
UES made of these three muscles
-Inf. pharyngeal constrictor -Upper esophageal muscle -Cricopharyngeus (dominant)
36
what is the area lateral to the larynx called?
pyriform sinuses
37
pyriform sinuses
38
anatomical name for tasting
gustation
39
tastebuds; respond when specific chemicals come into contact
chemoreceptors
40
5 main types of tastes
salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami (meaty)
41
What kind of papillae only gives tactile information?
filiform
42
What two types of papillae only give taste information?
Circumvallate and foliate
43
What kind of papillae give BOTH taste and tactile info?
Fungiform
44
Function of taste =
is this safe/good to eat?
45
What parts of the mouth primarily sense sweet, sour and saltiness, and what are they innervated by?
VII - anterior ⅔ tongue, palate
46
What part of the mouth primarily senses bitterness, and what is it innervated by?
IX - post ⅓ tongue
47
Esophagus and epiglottis innervated by __
X
48
in order for taste to make it to the cerebral cortex, it has to make it's way to the __, then the __, then the cerebral cortex
solitary tract nucleus (NST); thalamus
49
what is anatomical name for sense of smell?
olfaction
50
RE taste: how does the brain know when to salivate and release insulin?
when solitary tract nucleus sends taste info to brain
51
__ and __ tastes can be interpreted by the brain as poison and stimulate gagging, coughing, apnea and salvation
bitter; sour
52
Pleasant food odor make us ___ , unpleasant can make us ___ or __
salivate; gag; vomit
53
where are olfactory sensors?
epithelial lining of upper post. nasal cavity
54
what is the neurological path from olfactory sensor to cerebral cortex?
Olfactory sensor → olfactory bulb → olfactory tract → cerebral cortex
55
sensors sensitive to physical contact
mechanoreceptors
56
mechanoreceptors without hair (like in fingertips)
Glabrous skin
57
4 sensors of glabrous skin
meissner's corpuscles merkel disk receptors pacinian corpuscles ruffini endings
58
this part of glabrous skin is superficial and senses fine touch and vibration
Meissner’s corpuscles
59
this part of glabrous skin is superficial and senses light pressure
Merkel disk receptors
60
this part of glabrous skin is deep and senses vibration, deep pressure
Pacinian corpuscles
61
this part of glabrous skin is deep and senses tissue stretch
deep, tissue stretch - helpful for shape
62
For types of thermal readings for people
Cold, cool, warm, hot
63
Name for pain receptors
nociceptors
64
Most pain receptors are triggered by
the destruction of tissue
65
Two sensors for muscle tension
muscle spindle fibers, stretch receptors (usually in larger muscles)
66
What are the six things the swallowing system senses? (use fancy names)
1. gustation 2. olfaction 3. tactile 4. thermal 5. pain 6. muscle tension/strength
67
Three glands involved in salivation
1) parotid 2) submandibular 3) sublingual
68
what are the three places saliva gets released?
pharynx, oral cavity lateral to frenulum, floor of mouth
69
sup to inf 1) parotid 2) sublingual 3) submandibular
70
This reflex is triggered by deep pressure on the roof of the mouth
chewing
71
What happens in the chewing reflex?
Jaw rotates, food is moved to teeth
72
This reflex is triggered by pressure on the SP
Palatal (avular)
73
What happens in the palatal reflex?
uvula elevates
74
This reflex is triggered by a bad taste, stimulation of faucial pillars, post pharyngeal wall, post tongue
Gag
75
What happens during the gag reflex?
Breathing stops, pharynx elevates and constricts
76
This reflex is triggered by smells, tastes, GI, vestibular issues, visual stimulation
Retch
77
What is the difference between a retch and a vomit reflex?
Retch = attempt to vomit Vomit = actual vomiting
78
These reflexes are triggered by the tongue being pulled forward or pushing down the posterior tongue
Tongue base retraction/elevation
79
What do the tongue base reflexes do?
Return tongue to starting position
80
This reflex is triggered by super spicy or hot food
Pain
81
In swallowing, what happens when the pain reflex is triggered?
Spitting out or swallowing
82
This reflex readies the larynx for swallowing with Stimulation of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx
Apneic
83
What triggers the swallow reflex?
bolus reaches fauces, post tongue or valleculae

A&P of Speech and Hearing (19 decks)

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