Articulations

Question 1

Fibrous joints consist of layers of ____ ____ tissue

Answer 1

dense connective

Question 2

Cartilaginous joints allow ____ movement and consist of bones connected by:

Answer 2

minimal, fibro- or hyaline cartilage (e.g. sternal angle, symphysis pubis)

Question 3

In cartilaginous joints, bones are bound by:

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage (eg. rib attachment to sternum by costal cartilage)

Question 4

Symphyses are cartilaginous joints bones bound by:

Answer 4

Fibrocartilage (e.g. intervertebral disc and pubic symphysis)

Question 5

Synovial joints allow ____ movement and are separated by a ____ ____

Answer 5

free, synovial cavity

Question 6

Where is articular cartilage located?

Answer 6

The surfaces of bones where they come together to form synovial joints

Question 7

What are the 2 layers of the articular capsule?

Answer 7

Outer layer: Fibrous capsule

Inner layer: Synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

Question 8

Describe a planar/gliding joint

Answer 8

• Bone surfaces are flat
• Gliding movements: side to side
• (e.g. intercarpal/intertarsal)

Question 9

Describe a hinge joint

Answer 9

• Convex bone fits into concave bone
• Monoaxial
• (e.g. knee, elbow)

Question 10

Describe a pivot joint

Answer 10

• Round bone articulates with ring bone
• Rotating bone turns around an axis
• (e.g. radioulnar, atlanto-axial)

Question 11

Describe a saddle joint

Answer 11

• Bone rides a saddle shaped bone
• Biaxial
• (e.g. carpometacarpal of thumb)

Question 12

Describe a condyloid/ellipsoidal joint

Answer 12

• Oval shaped projection fits into oval depression
• Biaxial
• (e.g. wrist, ankle)

Question 13

Describe a ball and socket joint

Answer 13

• Ball shaped process fits into cup-shaped socket
• Multiaxial
• (e.g. shoulder, hip joint)

Question 14

How much movement do synovial joints allow?

Answer 14

Freely movable

Question 15

What is hyperextension?

Answer 15

Extension beyond anatomical position (over 180 degrees)

Question 16

Define biaxial

Answer 16

movement in two planes; ribs and wrist

Question 17

Define triaxial

Answer 17

movement in three planes; shoulder, hip

Question 18

Describe inversion

Answer 18

turning the sole of the foot inward

Question 19

Describe eversion

Answer 19

turning the sole of the foot outward

Question 20

Describe dorsiflexion

Answer 20

bending of the foot or the toes upward while the ankle digs into the surface

Question 21

Describe plantarflexion

Answer 21

point toes down while heel moves up

Question 22

Describe opposition

Answer 22

movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips

Question 23

Describe reposition

Answer 23

moving to its normal location or other suitable location all or a portion of a body part

Question 24

Describe protraction

Answer 24

moving a body part forward, anterior in a horizontal plane

Question 25

Describe retraction

Answer 25

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

Question 26

Describe depression

Answer 26

the lowering of the mandible

Question 27

Describe elevation

Answer 27

raising a body part (e.g. mandible, shoulders)

Question 28

Describe lateral flexion

Answer 28

bends vertebral column from side to side

Question 29

Describe pronation

Answer 29

movement that turns the palm down

Question 30

Describe supination

Answer 30

movement that turns the palm up

Question 31

What are the angular movements?

Answer 31

flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Question 32

What type of joint is synarthrosis?

Answer 32

Immovable joint

Question 33

What type of joint is synostosis?

Answer 33

Bony joints

Question 34

What type of joint is amphiarthrosis?

Answer 34

Slightly movable joint

Question 35

What type of joint is gomphosis?

Answer 35

attachment of a tooth to its socket (a type of fibrous joint)

Question 36

What is syndesmosis?

Answer 36

two bones united by interosseous ligaments, found in between the tibia and fibula, and middle ear

Question 37

What is chondrosis?

Answer 37

Cartilage deterioration

Question 38

What is a chondroma?

Answer 38

Benign tumor of cartilage

Question 39

Define a joint

Answer 39

Joints permit movement and are the point of contact between: - Bone and bone - Cartilage and bone - Teeth and bone

Question 40

What is the function of a fibrous joint?

Answer 40

Hold the bones tightly together (e.g. cranial sutures)

Question 41

What is the function of the articular cartilage?

Answer 41

Reduce friction and shock

Question 42

What does the synovial cavity contain?

Answer 42

Articular cartilage and articular capsule

Question 43

Define monoaxial

Answer 43

Movement in one plane; elbow, ankle

Question 44

Joints can either be _____ classified or ____ classified

Answer 44

structurally, functionally

Question 45

Structural classification of bones is dependent on:

Answer 45

Presence of space between bones and type of connective tissue holding bones together

Question 46

Functional classification of bones is dependent on:

Answer 46

Range of movement