The Integumentary System

Question 1

What are the two layers of the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 1

Epidermis & dermis

Question 2

What type of cells make up the epidermis?

Answer 2

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 3

What are 4 general functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 3

• Protect the body from environment
• Excretion of salts, water and waste
• Thermoregulation
• Sensory receptors detect general senses

Question 4

What are the general senses?

Answer 4

Touch, pressure, pain, vibration and temperature

Question 5

What are the 3 functions of the epidermis?

Answer 5

• Protect the dermis and prevent water loss + entry of pathogens
• Synthesizes vitamin D3
• Detects general senses

Question 6

Thin skin contains _ layers of ____

Answer 6

4, keratinocytes

Question 7

Thick skin contains _ layers, the last layer is called ___ ____

Answer 7

5, stratum lucidium

Question 8

Fingerprints are determined by this structure of the skin:

Answer 8

Epidermal ridges

Question 9

What are the four types of cells in the epidermis?

Answer 9

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, and langerhans cells

Question 10

Name the layers of thick skin from most superficial to deepest

Answer 10

• Stratum corneum
• Stratum lucidium
• Stratum granulosim
• Stratum spinosum
• Stratum basal
• Dermis

Question 11

What do keratinocytes contain?

Answer 11

Keratin (fibrous protein)

Question 12

What are the 3 functions of keratinocytes?

Answer 12

• Thickening and toughening of the skin
• Repel water
• Structural component of hair and nails

Question 13

What do melanocytes contain?

Answer 13

Melanin

Question 14

What is the function of melanin?

Answer 14

Protect the skin from UV rays

Question 15

What is the function of a merkel cell?

Answer 15

Sensation

Question 16

What are the functions of Langerhans cells?

Answer 16

Immune response

Question 17

The ____ membrane separates the epidermis and the dermis

Answer 17

basement

Question 18

Keratinocytes are bound together by:

Answer 18

Desmosomes

Question 19

The stratum basale contains these cells:

Answer 19

Basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes, and merkel cells

Question 20

Subcutaneous tissues is ____ ____ tissue and _____ (fat)

Answer 20

loose connective, adipocytes

Question 21

What are the functions of the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 21

• Stabilizes position of skin to underlying tissue

- Store fat

Question 22

The dermis contains two layers from top to bottom:

Answer 22

Papillary layer, reticular layer

Question 23

What is the function of the papillary layer?

Answer 23

Nourish and support epidermis with capillaries through diffusion

Question 24

What is the function of the reticular layer?

Answer 24

Detect general senses and assist with thermoregulation

Question 25

What are the three accessory structures of the integumentary system?

Answer 25

- Hair follicles - Exocrine glands - Nails

Question 26

Hair follicles can be found in:

Answer 26

Subcutaneous tissue and epidermis

Question 27

Hair follicles grow from:

Answer 27

Root to shaft

Question 28

What are the functions of hair follicles?

Answer 28

- Sensory input | - Protect ears, scalp, and nose

Question 29

What are the two types of exocrine glands?

Answer 29

Sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 30

Sebaceous glands secrete ____ onto skin and hair shaft

Answer 30

sebum

Question 31

Sebaceous glands found in skin are called ____ ____

Answer 31

Sebaceous follicles

Question 32

Sebaceous glands found in the hair shafr are called ____ ____ ____

Answer 32

typical sebaceous glands

Question 33

The function of sebum is:

Answer 33

Lubricate and provide antibacterial protection to skin

Question 34

The two types of sweat glands are:

Answer 34

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands

Question 35

The two types of apocrine sweat glands are:

Answer 35

Ceruminous (earwax producing) and mammary glands

Question 36

Apocrine sweat glands secrete ____ secretions

Answer 36

thick

Question 37

Apocrine sweat glands are found in:

Answer 37

Armpits, groin, nipples, and outer ears

Question 38

Ceruminous glands secrete ____ ____ into the ear canal

Answer 38

waxy cerumen

Question 39

Mammary glands are responsible for:

Answer 39

Milk production

Question 40

Merocrine sweat glands can be found:

Answer 40

All over the body

Question 41

Merocrine sweat glands secrete ____ secretions

Answer 41

thin

Question 42

The general functions of merocrine sweat glands are:

Answer 42

Thermoregulation & excretion

Question 43

The general function of nails are:

Answer 43

Protect tips of digits, especially under mechanical stress

Question 44

Nails grow from:

Answer 44

Root through nail body to free edge

Question 45

Three changes in nail appearances are:

Answer 45

- Pallor - Cyanosis - Clubbing

Question 46

Describe polycythemia

Answer 46

Excessive amount of red blood cells which cause the blood to thicken

Question 47

Blood vessels dilating will cause the skin to:

Answer 47

Redden and release heat

Question 48

Blood vessels constricting will cause the skin to:

Answer 48

Pale and conserve heat (can lead to shock, anemia)

Question 49

Name four skin disorders discussed in class:

Answer 49

Jaundice, pituitary tumor, Addison's disease, and vitiligo

Question 50

Describe Jaundice

Answer 50

Caused by excess bile produced by liver which causes skin and whites of eyes to turn yellow

Question 51

Describe pituitary tumors

Answer 51

Caused by excess MSH which increases production of melanin

Question 52

Describe Addison's disease

Answer 52

Pituitary gland releases excess ACTH

Question 53

Describe Vitiligo

Answer 53

Loss of melanocytes which cause loss of color in skin