The Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

What is the pectoral girdle composed of?

Answer 1

The clavicle and scapula

Question 2

What are the 3 parts of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

The ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 3

What is the clavicle?

Answer 3

AKA collar bone, it is an S-shaped bone with 2 curves.

Question 4

What is the scapula?

Answer 4

AKA shoulder blade that has 2 surfaces (anterior/posterior).

Question 5

The medial border of the scapula is also known as the ________ border that faces the ________.

Answer 5

vertebral, vertebrae.

Question 6

The lateral border of the scapula is also known as the ________ border that faces the ______.

Answer 6

axillary, armpit.

Question 7

Where is the superior border of the scapula located?

Answer 7

The top edge of the scapula.

Question 8

What is the acromion process in the scapula?

Answer 8

A continuation of the spine that articulates with the clavicle.

Question 9

What does the scapular spine do?

Answer 9

Divides posterior aspect of scapula into supraspinatus fossa (above) and infraspinatus fossa (below)

Question 10

What is the glenoid cavity?

Answer 10

Socket in scapula that forms shoulder joint with the head of the humerous.

Question 11

What is the coracoid process?

Answer 11

Process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment (specifically bicep).

Question 12

What is the humerus?

Answer 12

Upper arm bone

Question 13

What are the notable proximal structures in the humerus (7)?

Answer 13

Head
Greater tubercle
Intertubular sulcus
Lesser tubercle
Anatomical neck
Deltoid tuberosity
Surgical neck.

Question 14

Where does the humerus articulate with the axial skeleton?

Answer 14

Glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 15

What is the intertubercular sulcus?

Answer 15

Shallow groove between the greater & lesser tubercles.

Question 16

What is the capitulum?

Answer 16

Where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius.

Question 17

What does the trochlea articulate with?

Answer 17

Trochlear notch of ulna

Question 18

What is the coronoid fossa?

Answer 18

Where the trochlea of the ulna sits when forearm is flexed.

Question 19

What is the radial fossa?

Answer 19

Where the head of the radius sits when forearm is flexed.

Question 20

Which parts of the radius & ulna articulate with the carpal bones?

Answer 20

Radial styloid process & ulnar styloid process.

Question 21

The ulna’s head is located by the _____.

Answer 21

Wrist (carpals).

Question 22

What are the notable distal structures of the humerus (7)?

Answer 22

Capitulum (condyle)
Trochlea (condyle)
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Radial fossa

Question 23

What is the olecranon fossa?

Answer 23

On the posterior side of the humerus, articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna, where ulna rests when extended.

Question 24

What is the interrosseous membrane?

Answer 24

Joins the shafts of the radius and ulna.

Question 25

What is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 25

Where the head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna

Question 26

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 26

Where the head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch of radius

Question 27

What are the metacarpal bones?

Answer 27

5 bones of the palm of the hand, articulating with the distal carpal bones.

Question 28

What are the phalanges?

Answer 28

Bones of the fingers and toes

Question 29

Describe the femur.

Answer 29

longest and strongest bone in the body that articulating with the acetabulum

Question 30

What are the notable distal structures of the femur?

Answer 30

Medial & lateral epicondyle. Medial & lateral condyles that articulate with the tibia. Patellar surface located anteriorly between condyles.

Question 31

What is the intertrochanteric line?

Answer 31

Region formed anteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur.

Question 32

What is the fibula?

Answer 32

Lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.

Question 33

What is the tibia?

Answer 33

Medial and larger bone of the lower leg.

Question 34

What is the ilium?

Answer 34

Large broad bone forming the upper part of each half of the pelvis.

Question 35

What is the ischium?

Answer 35

Curved bone forming the base of each half of the pelvis.

Question 36

What is the acetabelum?

Answer 36

Deep socket in the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur

Question 37

What is the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 37

Receives the weight of the body when sitting & attaches to the glute muscles.

Question 38

What is the oburator foramen?

Answer 38

Gap in the middle of the pelvis that carries muscle, blood vessels and nerves.

Question 39

What is the true pelvis?

Answer 39

Inferior to pelvic brim. AKA lesser pelvis.

Question 40

What is the false pelvis?

Answer 40

Superior to pelvic brim. AKA upper pelvis.

Question 41

What is the pelvic brim and its clinical application?

Answer 41

Edge of pelvic inlet, where a baby's head would be engaged during a natural birth

Question 42

The clavicle extends from the _______ to the _______, above the _____ rib.

Answer 42

sternum, scapula, 1st rib.

Question 43

The _____ end of the clavicle connects with the sternum via the _______ _________.

Answer 43

medial, sternal extremity.

Question 44

The _______ end of the clavicle connects with the ________ _______ of the scapula via the ________ _________.

Answer 44

lateral, acromial process, acromial extremity.

Question 45

What are the important visible features of the anterior surface of the scapula?

Answer 45

``` Subscapular fossa that is filled with muscle. Coracoid process. Medial (vertebral) border. Lateral (axillary) border. Superior border. Inferior, superior & lateral angle. ```

Question 46

What are the important features of the posterior surface of the scapula?

Answer 46

Scapular spine that ends as the acromion process. Glenoid cavity. Coracoid process.

Question 47

The coronoid fossa is ______ to the radial fossa in anatomical position.

Answer 47

medial.

Question 48

The capitulum is _______ to the trochlea and is more _______ in shape.

Answer 48

lateral, rounded.

Question 49

In anatomical position, the ______ is more lateral and the _____ is more medial.

Answer 49

radius, ulna.

Question 50

Does the fibula articulate with the femur/knee joint?

Answer 50

No.

Question 51

What is the pubic symphysis and why is it clinically important?

Answer 51

Piece of anterior cartilage that joins the 2 hip bones. It can stretch, making the pubic outlet larger for things like birth.

Question 52

What are the 2 spines on the iliac crest called?

Answer 52

Anterior superior iliac crest (ASIS) & posterior superior iliac crest (PSIS).

Question 53

What is the iliopectineal line?

Answer 53

Border between greater & lesser pelvis.

Question 54

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 54

Top of coccyx (posterior). Inferior border of the pubic symphysis (anterior). 2 ischial tuberosities (lateral).

Question 55

What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

Answer 55

The ileopectineal line & the superior border of the pubic symphysis