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Anatomy > Articulations - Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Articulations - Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

A place of contact where:
- a bone meets another bone
- a bone meets the cartilage
- a bone meets teeth
is called a what?

A

an articulation/joint

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2
Q

What is mobility?

A

varies from immobile to wide range of motions

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3
Q

Increasing stability of a bone does what to mobility?

A

decreases mobility

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4
Q

What are the 3 anatomical classification of joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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5
Q

Bones are held together by what in fibrous joints?

A

collagen fibers

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6
Q

Bones are held together by what in cartilaginous joints?

A

cartilage

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7
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

synovial cavity, separates bone by fluid

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8
Q

What are the 3 physiological classification of joint

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

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9
Q

What are synarthroses?

A

immobile joints

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10
Q

synarthroses are how stable amongst the 3?

A

the most stable

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11
Q

What are amphiarthroses?

A

slightly mobile joints

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12
Q

What are diarthroses?

A

Freely mobile joints

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13
Q

What are 3 specific types of fibrous joints?

A

Gomphoses, sutures, and syndesmoses

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14
Q

Where are Gomphoses located?

A

teeth of the mandible and mandible

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15
Q

Where are sutures located?

A

between skull bones

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16
Q

Where are syndesmoses located?

A

between parallel bones

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17
Q

Functionally, gomphoses and sutures are classified as what?

A

synarthroses

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18
Q

Syndesmoses are classified as what?

A

amphiarthroses

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19
Q

The 2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondroses and symphyses

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20
Q

Synchondroses join the bones by

A

hyaline cartilage

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21
Q

Symphyses join the bones by

A

pad of fibrocartilage

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22
Q

Where are synovial joints located on the bone?

A

cover ends of bones by articular cartilage

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23
Q

what is the function of synovial joints?

A

reduce friction and absorb shock

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24
Q

The articular capsule of the synovial joint has 2 layers, what are the layers?

A
  1. outer fibrous layer, made of dense regular connective tissue
  2. inner synovial membrane, secretes synovial fluid
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25
What is the function of the articular cartilage of the synovial joint?
prevent bone to bone contact during compression of joint
26
What are the articular discs of the synovial joint?
pads of fibrocartilage between articular surfaces
27
The articular discs are also called?
menisci
28
What are the functions of the articular discs?
divide joint into 2 spaces, allow movement in different spaces, provide stability, and allow bone to fit together better
29
What do ligaments connect?
bone to bone
30
Nerves of the synovial joint signal pain when what join does what?
is over stretched
31
Blood vessels of the synovial joint have what function?
provide nutrients to bone
32
What tendons connect?
muscle to bone
33
Where are bursae located?
outside most synovial joints where ligaments, muscles, and/or bone rub
34
Where are tendon sheaths located?
in confined spaces where tendon rub each other
35
What are the 3 classes of synovial joints?
uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial
36
The uniaxial synovial joint class moves the bone in how many planes?
1 planes
37
The biaxial synovial joint class moves the bone in how many planes?
2 planes
38
The multiaxial synovial joint class moves the bone in how many planes?
more than 2 planes
39
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket
40
Plane joints permit what type of movement?
gliding
41
Hinge Joints are which class of synovial joint?
uniaxial movement around an axis
42
Pivot Joints permit what class?
uniaxial movement, rotation only around its longitudinal axis
43
Condylar joints are in what class of synovial joints?
biaxial
44
Saddle joints are in which class of synovial joints?
biaxial
45
Ball-and-Socket joints in which class of synovial joints?
multiaxial: permit movement in 3 axes, plus all directions
46
Synovial joints have 4 main categories of motion/movement, what are they?
Gliding, Angular, Rotation, and Special
47
Gliding Motion
sliding back-and-fourth or side to side
48
Angular movement involves which motions? (7)
flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
49
Flexion
decreases the angle between bones
50
Extension
increases angle between bones
51
Hypertension
beyond original bone position (ball and socket)
52
Lateral flexion
body flexing to the side
53
Abduction
angle made greater between bones
54
Adduction
bringing angle back to anatomical position
55
Circumduction
distal end of extremity can be moved in circular motion
56
What is the rotation movement?
limbs turning to and from median plane
57
Medial rotation
rotation towards medial body
58
Lateral rotation
rotation toward lateral body
59
Pronation
inward rolling
60
Supination
outward rolling
61
Where do special movements occur in the body?
specific joints
62
Depression
lowering
63
Elevation
raising
64
Dorsiflexion
foot goes from a flat position to straight upward position
65
Plantar flexion
foot goes from a flat position to straight downward position
66
Inversion
big toe raised
67
Eversion
rest of foot raised and big toe planted
68
Protraction
moving mandible to anterior position
69
Retraction
moving the mandible to the posterior position, back to normal position
70
What does diarthrosis mean?
hinge or plane
71
Which compartment of the Temporomandibular Joint is the hinge part of?
inferior compartment
72
What compartment of the Temporomandibular Joint is the plane part of?
superior compartment
73
The Hinge is responsible for which movements/motions?
Elevation and depression
74
The plane is responsible for which movements/motions?
Protraction and retraction, lateral displacement

Anatomy (15 decks)

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