Cardiovascular System - Chapter 22

Question 1

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 1

artery

Question 2

vessels that carry blood back to heart

Answer 2

vein

Question 3

What are the great vessels?

Answer 3

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart

Question 4

The heart is functionally 2 side-to-side pumps, what are the functions of each pump?

Answer 4

• one pump directs blood to the lungs
• one pump directs blood to most body tissues

Question 5

What direction does blood flow within the heart?

Answer 5

unidirectional

Question 6

How many valves do the heart have?

Answer 6

4 valves

Question 7

The heart generates blood pressure by what?

Answer 7

relaxation and contraction if heart walls

Question 8

What are the 2 circulations of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

pulmonary and system

Question 9

which circulation conveys blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart?

Answer 9

pulmonary circulation

Question 10

Which circulation conveys blood to most of the body tissue and back to right side of heart?

Answer 10

system circulation

Question 11

The posterosuperior surface is also called the what?

Answer 11

base of the heart

Question 12

The inferior conical end of the heart is also called what?

Answer 12

apex of heart

Question 13

The heart is enclosed within a tough sac called the what?

Answer 13

pericardium restricts

Question 14

the pericardium restricts is composed of what 2 parts

Answer 14

• fibrous pericardium
• serous pericardium

Question 14

outer covering of tough, dense connective tissue is which part of pericardium?

Answer 14

fibrous pericardium

Question 15

What are the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 15

• parietal pericardium
• visceral pericardium

Question 16

This layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium

Answer 16

parietal pericardium

Question 17

This layer of the serous pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart

Answer 17

visceral pericardium

Question 18

What is the pericardium cavity?

Answer 18

small space between parietal and visceral pericardium

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall?

Answer 19

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 20

The epicardium consist of which layer of the serous pericardium?

Answer 20

visceral pericardium

Question 21

Which layer is the thickest of the 3 layers?

Answer 21

myocardium

Question 22

the internal surface of the heart chambers is lined by which layer?

Answer 22

endocardium

Question 23

The anteroinferior borders of the atria form the what?

Answer 23

auricle

Question 24

The coronary sulcus separates what from each other?

Answer 24

atria and ventricle

Question 25

The left and right ventricles are separated by what sulcus?

Answer 25

anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 26

The right atrium receives venous blood from where?

Answer 26

the heart, the muscles, and systemic circulation

Question 27

Which 3 veins drain into the right atrium?

Answer 27

- superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - coronary sinus

Question 28

The right atrium and right ventricle are separated by which valve?

Answer 28

tricuspid valve

Question 29

The inner wall of each ventricle displays large, irregular muscle ridges called the what?

Answer 29

trabeculae carneae

Question 30

3 cone-shaped muscle projections inside the right ventricle are called what?

Answer 30

papillary muscles

Question 31

What are chordae tendineae?

Answer 31

papillary muscles that anchor thin strands of strong connective tissue

Question 32

Which valve marks the end of the ventricle and the beginning of the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 32

pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 33

How many semilunar valves are there?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

Where are the semilunar valves located?

Answer 34

the roof of the right and left ventricles

Question 35

What occurs when the ventricles contract?

Answer 35

blood pushes cusps against the arterial trunk

Question 36

When blood flows back toward the ventricles the ventricles do what?

Answer 36

contract

Question 37

Oxygenated blood from the lungs travels through the papillary muscles to which atrium?

Answer 37

left atrium

Question 38

The left atrium is separated by which valve?

Answer 38

bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 39

When the left ventricle contracts, what does the bicuspid valve do?

Answer 39

the valve is forced shut

Question 40

What is the responsibility of the left ventricle?

Answer 40

pump blood to the rest of the body

Question 41

Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?

Answer 41

at the superior end of the left ventricle

Question 42

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 42

supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients

Question 43

What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 43

- marginal artery - posterior interventricular artery

Question 44

Where does the marginal artery supply?

Answer 44

right border of heart

Question 45

Where does the posterior interventricular artery supply?

Answer 45

posterior surface of the left and right ventricle

Question 46

What are the 2 branches of the left coronary artery?

Answer 46

- anterior interventricular artery - circumflex artery

Question 47

The anterior interventricular artery supplies oxygen and nutrients where?

Answer 47

anterior surface of both ventricles and most of interventricular septum

Question 48

Which artery supplies the left atrium with oxygen and nutrients?

Answer 48

circumflex artery

Question 49

Venous blood returns from the heart wallas through which 3 major veins?

Answer 49

- great cardiac vein - middle cardiac vein - small cardiac vein

Question 50

This major vein runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery

Answer 50

greater cardiac vein

Question 51

This major vein runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 51

middle cardiac vein

Question 52

The major vein travels close to the marginal artery

Answer 52

small cardiac vein

Question 53

Where do the 3 major veins drain into?

Answer 53

coronary sinus

Question 54

What is the myocardium composed of?

Answer 54

cardiac muscle fibers

Question 55

Cardiac muscles are able to contract as a single unit because they are connected by what type of junction?

Answer 55

gap junctions

Question 56

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

Answer 56

initiate electrical impulses in heart

Question 57

Under parasympathetic control, the SA node generates how many impulses per minute?

Answer 57

70-80

Question 58

Electrical impulses travel from the SA node to where?

Answer 58

atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 59

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 59

the floor of the right atrium

Question 60

Where does the electrical activity travel next after it leaves the AV node?

Answer 60

into the AV bundle

Question 61

The AV bundle is also known as what?

Answer 61

the Bundle of His

Question 62

Where does the Bundle of His extend into?

Answer 62

interventricular septum

Question 63

The AV bundles divide into left and right bundles, these bundles pass the electrical impulse to what?

Answer 63

Purkinje fibers

Question 64

Where do the Purkinje fibers spread the electrical impulse next?

Answer 64

superiorly from apex to all of ventricular myocardium