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Anatomy > Muscle Tissue - Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue - Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 types of muscle in the body:

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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2
Q

4 unique characteristics of muscles

A

excitability, contractability, elasticity, extensibility

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3
Q

Excitability

A

outside stimuli can initiate electrical charges in muscle fibers that lead to contraction.

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4
Q

Contractability

A

stimulation of muscle fiber leads to contraction or shortening of fiber

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5
Q

Elasticity

A

muscle fiber able to return to original length when contraction is released

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6
Q

Extensibility

A

muscle fiber able to be stretched

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7
Q

what are some of the functions of Skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Body movement, maintenance of posture, temperature regulation, storage and movement of materials, support

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8
Q

Muscle fibers are organized into bundles called what?

A

fascicles

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9
Q

What are fascicles?

A

bundles of muscle fibers

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10
Q

muscle fibers contain what?

A

myofibrils

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11
Q

Myofibrils are composed of what?

A

myofilaments

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12
Q

what are myofilaments composed of?

A

actin and myosin

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13
Q

Each muscle is comprised of 3 layers of concentric connective tissue, what are those tissues comprised of?

A

mainly collagen and elastic fibers

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14
Q

The 3 layers of connective tissue found in each muscle is:

A

Endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

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15
Q

Endomysium function

A

surrounds and electrically insulates each muscle fiber

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16
Q

Perimysium function

A

surrounds individual fascicles

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17
Q

Epimysium function

A

surrounds the entire muscle fiber

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18
Q

Deep fascia is composed of what type of connective tissue(s)?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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19
Q

What is the function of deep fascia?

A

surround each muscle and separate muscles from each other

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20
Q

Superficial fascia is composed of what type of connective tissue(s)?

A

areolar and adipose connective tissue

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21
Q

What is the function of superficial fascia?

A

separates muscle from skin

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22
Q

What does a tendon attach?

A

muscle to a bone (cord-like in appearance)

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23
Q

Aponeurosis is what?

A

flat tendon

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24
Q

point of attachment to the bone that does not move

A

origin

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25
point of attachment to the bone that moves
insertion
26
Myofibrils
cylindrical structures that extend the entire length of the muscle fiber
27
The Sacroplasm of a muscle fiber contains what?
myofibrils (~100-1000)
28
what is the ability of a myofibril?
to shorten: which results in contraction and production of motion
29
what are the 2 types of myofilaments?
thin and thick
30
What is thin filament comprised of?
1. 2 strands of f-actin and g-actin of bead shaped molecules twisted around each other 2. 2 regulatory proteins
31
what are the 2 regulatory proteins in thin filament?
Tropomyosin and troponin
32
What is thick filament comprised of?
bundled molecules of myosin
33
Action of myosin during contraction
heads form cross bridges with thin filaments
34
What is the structure of a myosin molecule?
head and elongated head (golfclub like appearance)
35
What is the composition of an A-band?
contain entire myosin molecule and portion of actin
36
Myosin is found only found in which filament?
thick filament
37
What is the I band composed of?
only thin filaments
38
Where is the H-zone (H-band)?
light, central region of A band, NO thin filament present
39
What is the M-line?
Central, protein network in H-zone that keeps thick filament aligned
40
Where is the Z-disc (Z band)
protein structure in middle of I band
41
What is the function of Z-disc?
attachment site for one end of thin filaments
42
What is a sarcomere?
the functional contractile unit in a skeletal muscle fiber
43
Where is a sarcomere located?
Between 2 adjacent Z discs
44
What happens to a sarcomere during contraction of muscle fibers?
they shorten
45
What is Sliding Filament Theory?
during contraction, thick and thin filament will interact and slide past each other
46
What changes happen to a sarcomere during contraction?
- A bands remain constant - H zone disappears - Z discs move closer together - I bands narrow - thin and thick filaments never change
47
What is the neuromuscular junction?
region where the motor neuron comes into close proximity to the muscle fiber
48
What does a motor unit consist of?
a single motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls
49
Larger muscle have
more motor units
50
what is the all-or-none principle?
a muscle fiber contracts completely or not at all
51
What happens when a motor unit is stimulated?
all muscle fibers under its control contract
52
Skeletal muscle is comprised of 3 different types of muscle fibers. what are they?
slow, intermediate, fast
53
What do muscle fibers do?
determine the speed of muscle contraction and sustainability of the contraction
54
Slow muscle fibers
Type 1, slow oxidative
55
Intermediate muscle fibers
Type IIa, fast aerobic
56
fast muscle fibers
Type IIb, fast anaerobic
57
What is the function of myoglobin in muscles?
increase the ability of muscles to hold oxygen
58
High myoglobin present
muscle has red color
59
low or no myoglobin present
muscle has white/pale color
60
slow muscle fibers are mostly found in muscles that...
contract continuously
61
What are the 4 different patterns of fascicle arrangement?
circular, parallel, convergent, pennate
62
Circular fascicle arrangement
fibers arranged concentrically around opening
63
Parallel fascicle arrangement
fibers arranged parallel to long axis
64
Convergent fascicle arrangement
triangular muscle with common attachment site
65
Pennate fascicle arrangement
muscle body has one or more tendons
66
What is a lever?
elongated, rigid object what rotates around a fixed point
67
what are the 3 classes of lever?
Agonist (prime mover), Antagonist, Synergist
68
Agonist lever
produces specific movement when it contracts
69
Antagonist lever
a muscle whose action opposes agonist
70
Synergist lever
a muscle assists the agonist lever

Anatomy (15 decks)

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