Nervous Tissue - Chapter 14

Question 1

What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

The CNS consists of which organs?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

The PNS consists of what?

Answer 3

cranial and spinal nerves, and ganglia

Question 4

What are the 3 general functions of the CNS and PNS?

Answer 4

collecting information, processing and evaluating information, responding to information

Question 5

What occurs in the CNS and PNS in the process of collecting information?

Answer 5

receptors in PNS pass changes in internal and external environment to CNS

Question 6

What occurs in the CNS and PNS in the action of processing and evaluating information?

Answer 6

CNS determines what response is required

Question 7

What occurs in the CNS and PNS in the action of responding to information?

Answer 7

CNS initiates nerve impulses to effectors to react

Question 8

nerve impulses initiated by the CNS are called?

Answer 8

motor outputs

Question 9

What are the 2 functional divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 9

Sensory and Motor Nervous Systems

Question 10

Function of the Sensory Nervous System

Answer 10

receive sensory information from PNS and send it to the CNS

Question 11

What is Somatic Sensory?

Answer 11

touch, pain, pressure, vibration, proprioception

Question 12

Is Somatic Sensory voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 12

voluntary

Question 13

What is Visceral Sensory?

Answer 13

impulses from viscera (internal organs)

Question 14

Is Visceral Sensory voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 14

involuntary

Question 14

What is Somatic Motor? What does the somatic motor cause?

Answer 14

impulses with CNS to cause contraction of skeletal muscles

Question 14

Function of Motor Nervous System

Answer 14

send impulses from CNS to muscles and glands

Question 15

Is Somatic Motor voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 15

voluntary

Question 16

What is Automatic Motor?

Answer 16

impulses from CNS that regulate smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Question 17

Is Automatic Motor voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 17

involuntary

Question 18

The Sensory Nervous System is also known as the

Answer 18

Afferent Nervous System

Question 19

The Motor Nervous System is also known as the

Answer 19

Efferent Nervous System

Question 20

The Sensory carries information in what direction?

Answer 20

PNS to CNS

Question 21

The Motor carries information in which direction?

Answer 21

CNS to PNS

Question 22

What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 22

Neurons and Glial Cells

Question 23

What are the functions of Neurons?

Answer 23

initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses

Question 24

What are the functions of Glial cells?

Answer 24

protect and support neurons

Question 25

Characteristics of Neurons:

Answer 25

- electrically excitable - non-miotic - extreme longevity - high metabolic rate

Question 26

Characteristics of Glial Cells?

Answer 26

- non-excitable - capable of mitosis - smaller and more numerous than neurons - found in PNS and CNS

Question 27

Which cell of the nervous system is miotic?

Answer 27

Glial cells

Question 28

Neurons are only found in which nervous system?

Answer 28

CNS

Question 29

Brain tumors are likely derived from which cell?

Answer 29

Glial Cells

Question 30

Why are Brain tumors more likely to be derived from glial cells than neurons?

Answer 30

Glial cells are capable of mitosis

Question 31

What are the 3 main structural regions of a Neuron?

Answer 31

1. Body (soma) 2. Dendrites 3. Axon

Question 32

What is the Axon Hillock?

Answer 32

region where axon connects to the cell body

Question 33

What is the function of the dendrites?

Answer 33

receive nerve impulses

Question 34

What is the function of the axon?

Answer 34

transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 35

What are the structural classifications of neurons? (3)

Answer 35

unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar

Question 36

Appearance of unipolar neurons

Answer 36

T shaped

Question 37

What is the appearance of bipolar neurons?

Answer 37

2 processes, one dendrite and one axon

Question 38

Appearance of multipolar neurons

Answer 38

many dendrites and a single axon

Question 39

What are the functional classifications of Neurons? (3)

Answer 39

Sensory, motor, interneurons

Question 40

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Answer 40

transmit nerve impulses from receptors to CNS

Question 41

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 41

transmit impulses from CNS to muscles and/or glands

Question 42

What is the function of interneurons?

Answer 42

facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons

Question 43

What are the 4 types of CNS Glial Cells?

Answer 43

Astrocytes, Ependymal cells, Microglial cells, Oligodendrocytes

Question 44

Function of Astrocytes

Answer 44

help form blood-brain barrier

Question 45

Function of Ependymal Cells

Answer 45

line cavities in brian and spinal cord

Question 46

Function of Microglial Cells

Answer 46

defend against pathogens, remove debris, and get rid of waste

Question 47

Function of Oligodendrocytes

Answer 47

form the myelin sheath around the axon

Question 48

Of the 4 CNS Glial Cells, which 2 are the most abundant?

Answer 48

Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes

Question 49

What are the 2 PNS Glial Cells?

Answer 49

Satellite Cells and Schwann Cells(Neurolemomocytes)

Question 50

What is the function of Satellite Cells?

Answer 50

protect and regulate nutrients for cell body in Ganglia

Question 51

What is the function of Schwann Cells?

Answer 51

form myelin sheath around PNS axons

Question 52

bundles of parallel axons are called what?

Answer 52

Nerves

Question 53

Nerves are surrounded by 3 connective tissue wrappings, what are they?

Answer 53

Endoneurium, Perineurium, and Epineurium

Question 54

What are Synapses?

Answer 54

junctions between an axon and another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell

Question 55

What is the difference between Electrical and Chemical Synapses?

Answer 55

Electrical Synapses are very close together and Chemical synapses have a physical gap between one and the next

Question 56

Most Electrical Synapses are found in which nerve system?

Answer 56

CNS

Question 57

This Synpases is found in both the PNS and CNS

Answer 57

Chemical