ATI 17 - Acute + Infectious Respiratory Illness

Question 1

tonsils

Answer 1

masses of lymph tissue found in pharyngeal area

-highly vascular

Question 2

palatine tonsils

Answer 2

located on both sides of oropharynx

-removed during tonsillectomy

Question 3

pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 3

aka adenoids

-removed during adenoidectomy

Question 4

enlarged tonsils

Answer 4

can block nose/throat + interfere w breathing, sleeping, swallowing, speaking

Question 5

acute tonsillitis

Answer 5

when tonsils become inflamed + reddened

-can become chronic

Question 6

symptoms of tonsilitis

Answer 6

• freq throat infectn
• difficulty breathing/swallowing
• persistent redness of anterior pillars
• enlarged cervical lymph nodes

Question 7

symptoms of adenoiditis

Answer 7

• nasal stuffiness
• discharge
• postnasal drip
• causes coughing + excessive clearing of throat

Question 8

tonsillectomy

Answer 8

for frequent tonsilitis +

• fever above 38.3
• cervical lymphadenopathy
• tonsillar exudate
• positive strep infection

Question 9

maintain ____ preop for tonsillectomy

Answer 9

npo

Question 10

Tonsillectomy post op care

Answer 10

• elevatd position > facilitate drainage
• assess for bleeding (swallowng, clearng throat, bright red emesis, tachycardia, pallor)
• ice to throat, cool drinks

Question 11

avoid ___, ___, ___, ___ for post op tonsillectomy

Answer 11

avoid:
- citrus
- anything red colored
- coughing
- throat clearing
- nose blowing
- straws

Question 12

tonsillectomy recovery takes..

Answer 12

14 days

Question 13

bleeding after tonsillectomy is likely to occur…

Answer 13

first 24 hr + 7-10 days after scar is formed

Question 14

Nasopharyngitis aka

Answer 14

upper resp infection

common cold

Question 15

Nasopharyngitis

Answer 15

self limiting virus [4-10 dy]

Question 16

Nasopharyngitis tx

Answer 16

• rest
• vaporized air (cool mist humdifier)
• norm saline nose drops w suctions Q3-4hr

Question 17

20% of pharyngitis is caused by…

Answer 17

bacteria
usually streptococcus (GABH)

Question 18

pharyngitis symptoms

Answer 18

• purulent drainage, white patches
• headache, fever, ab pain
• severe pain when swalling + drooling

Question 19

pharyngitis aka

Answer 19

strep throat

Question 20

pharyngitis/strep throat care

Answer 20

• cool, nonacidic fluids
• penicillin or macrolide
• rest
• hand hygiene
• gargle w salt water
• nasal drop, spray, suction

Question 21

Influenza A + B aka

Answer 21

flu

Question 22

Influenza A + B symptoms

Answer 22

• sudden onset of fever + chills
• dry throat + nasal mucosa
• dry cough
• flushed face
• photophobia
• myalgia
• fatigue

Question 23

Influenza A + B Tx

Answer 23

• flu vaccine prior

- oseltamivir must start w/in 48 hr of onset of symptoms

Question 24

Bronchiolitis

Answer 24

viral or bacterial causes inflammatn in bronchiole

|&raquo_space;cause mucus buildup + bronchospasm + atelectasis

Question 25

common cause of bronchiolitis

Answer 25

respiratory syncytial virus others are adenovirus, parainfluenza, hMPV

Question 26

respiratory syncytial virus or bronchiolitis | symptoms

Answer 26

- URI (congestion, cough, fevr) - resp distress (wheez, tachypn, retractn) - wide range of severity

Question 27

respiratory syncytial virus | transmission

Answer 27

direct contact w resp secretion or indirectly thry contaminatd surface

Question 28

nearly all children have been infected w respiratory syncytial virus by the age of...

Answer 28

2 yo

Question 29

initial signs of RESP DISTRESS

Answer 29

``` restlessness tachypnea tachycardia diaphoresis Dyspnea ```

Question 30

early decompensation of resp

Answer 30

``` nasal flaring retraction wheezing grunting anxiety/irritability mood change headache HTN confusn ```

Question 31

signs of severe HYPOXIA + imminent RESP ARREST

Answer 31

``` bradypnea bradycardia cyanosis stupor coma ```

Question 32

resp rate for newborns, [1 mo-2 yr], [3-12yr], [13-18]

Answer 32

newborn: 30-60 [1mo-2y]: 25-30 [3-12y]: 20-25 [13-18t]: 16-20

Question 33

Pneumonia

Answer 33

lower airway disorder | inflammation or infection of bronchioles + alveoli

Question 34

___ pneumonia is more common in younger ages

Answer 34

viral | usually mycoplasma

Question 35

Croup syndromes

Answer 35

inflammation + swelling of epiglottis + larynx | -usually viral (H. influenzai)

Question 36

Croup manifestations

Answer 36

bark like cough "croupy cough" | stridor

Question 37

Croup tx

Answer 37

- steroids - racemic epinephrine - humidified O2

Question 38

Epiglottitis (cause, age group, signs, therapy)

Answer 38

most life-threatening croup - haemo influenza, GBAHS, staph - 2-8 yo - high fever, dysphagia, drool, tripo positn, no barkin cough - intubatn, blood culture, IV abx

Question 39

tracheitis (age group, signs)

Answer 39

- 1month-13 years | - purulent secretion + fever

Question 40

tracheitis

Answer 40

inflammatn + swellng of trachea + larynx

Question 41

tracheitis manifestation

Answer 41

- purulent secretion - bark like cough - URI symptoms