cancer Flashcards
pediatric differences
- normal cells are growing faster
- immature function of immune system
normal cells are growing faster which leads to…
- faster growing cancers
- worse side effects
childhood cancer manifestations
- pain
- muscle wasting
- anemia
- infection
- bruising
- neurologic symptoms
- palpable mass
cancer diagnostics
- CBC w dffrntl
- bone marrow asprtn
- imaging
- biopsy
cancer therapy
- surgery
- chemo
- radiation
- bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
cancer surgery
completely remove, debulk, explore, biopsy
how can parents ID problems early?
- fever
- malaise
- mild respiratory infection
parents need to learn how to care for….
central line
tumor lysis syndrome
rapid cell death released intracellular contents into bloodstream
»hyper-K
septic shock
circulatory failure + hypotension
>cause inadeq tissue perfusion
septic shock
may have inadequate ____ + nonfunctioning _____
neutrophil production
granulocytes
treat septic shock w…
abx
incr perfusn
space occupying lesions can cause…
vena cava syndrome
chemo side effects
- bone marrow suppression
- n/v
- anorexia + wt loss
- oral ulcers
- constipation
- pain
bone marrow suppression
onset + duration
- starts 7-10 dys after admin
- lasts 3-4 wk
bone marrow suppression
therapy
- low microbe diet
- use masks
nausea + vomiting
onset + duration
- may occur immediately
- lasts up to 48 hr
nausea + vomiting
therapy
- antiemetics
- mild exercise
anorexia + wt loss
may be possibly seondary to…
mucositis
anorexia + wt loss
therapy
TPN if diet change doesnt work
-pay attention to preferences
oral ulcers
manifestation
mucositis fr chemo usually occurs w/in 3-4 days
oral ulcers
therapy
antifungal to less candidal risk
- good oral hygiene w soft foam wand
- water irrigation
constipation
therapy
- stool softnr
- laxtv
- high fiber diet
pain
therapy
- opioid
- NSAID
- EMLA for accesing port
- nonpharm methods
acetaminophen may mask…
fever
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
first 7-10 days of chemo
-IV infusion takes about 2-4wk to implant
hematopoietic stem cell
manifestations
- pancytopenia lasts several wk
- high risk for anemia, bleeding, graft-vs-host
brain tumor
-most common solid tumor in kids
brain tumor
manifestations
-abnormal gait
-change in vision or hearing
-mental status change
»>educatnl + behavrl changes
brain tumor
____ is not recommended bc _____
chemo
bc limited by BBB
brain tumor
prognosis
often left w permanent sequelae
- -slowed dvlpt
- -incoordination
-esp in kids 3yo or younger
neuroblastoma
_____ is common
lymph node metastasis
neuroblastoma
stage 1
- localized
- confined to area of origin
neuroblastoma
stage 2
- unilateral tumor
- ipsilateral + contralateral lymph nodes negative
neuroblastoma
stage 2B
- ipsilateral lymph nodes POSITIVE
- contralateral lymph nodes negative
neuroblastoma
stage 3
- tumor infiltrating across midline
- unilateral tumor w contralateral lymph nodes involved
- midline tumor w bilateral lymph node involved
neuroblastoma
stage 4
disseminated to distant sites
neuroblastoma
stage 4S
disseminated to liver, skin, or bone marrow
