ATI 2 - Physical Assessment Findings

Question 1

keep medical equipement…

Answer 1

out of sight

Question 2

age group to ask whether they prefer if their caregivers stay in or leave during examination

Answer 2

school-age + adolescent

Question 3

recommended temperature routes for birth-12mo

Answer 3

axillary

rectal if exact measurement is needed

Question 4

expected temp + age group [6m, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13y]

Answer 4

6m 99.5
1y 99.9
3y 99.0
5y  98.6
7y 98.2
9y 98.1
13y 97.9

Question 5

recommended temperature routes for 1-7 yr

Answer 5

• axillary
• tympanic
• oral (if cooperative)
• rectal (if exact measure needed)

Question 6

recommended temperature routes for older than 7yo

Answer 6

• oral
• axillary
• tympanic

Question 7

Pulse range [newborn, infant, toddler, preschool, school-age, adolescent]

Answer 7

newborn 110-160
infant 90-160
toddler 80-140
preschool 70-120
school-age 60-110
adolescent 50-100

Question 8

Respiration range [newborn, infant, toddler, preschool, school-age, adolescent]

Answer 8

newborn 30-60
infant/toddler 25-30
preschool/school-age 20-25
adolescent 16-20

Question 9

expected muscle tone in 4 month old

Answer 9

erect head posture

Question 10

it is expected that a child makes eye contact when addressed except in…

Answer 10

infants

Question 11

expected general appearance

Answer 11

• makes eye contact
• erect head
• follows simple commands
• use speech, lang, + motor skills spontaneously
• undistressed, clean, well kept

Question 12

expected skin

Answer 12

• temp warm or slightly cool
• smooth, slightly dry
• not oily
• elastic skin turgor
• lesions are NOT expected
• symmetric skin folds

Question 13

expected hair + scalp

Answer 13

• evenly distribtd
• smooth + strong
• clean
• not scaly

Question 14

assess children approaching adolescence for…

Answer 14

presence of secondary hair growth

Question 15

stringy, dull, brittle, dry hair is a sign of…

Answer 15

nutritional deficiencies

Question 16

expected nails

Answer 16

• pink nail bed
• white at tips
• smooth + firm
• —flexible w infants

Question 17

expected lymph nodes

Answer 17

nonpalpable

-can be small, palpable, nontender, mobile in children tho

Question 18

expected head

Answer 18

• symmetric

- fontanels should be flat

Question 19

posterior fontanel closes at

Answer 19

8 wks

Question 20

anterior fontanel closes at

Answer 20

12-18 months

Question 21

expected neck

Answer 21

-short in infants

Question 22

expected conjunctiva

Answer 22

• palpebral fissures
• conjunctiva is pink
• bulbar conjunctiva is transparent

Question 23

expected lacrimal apparatus

Answer 23

no excessive tearing, redness or discharge

Question 24

sclera should be ___ and cornea should be ___

Answer 24

white; clear

Question 25

permanent color manifests around...

Answer 25

6-12 months

Question 26

visual acuity is difficult to assess in...

Answer 26

children younger than 3yo

Question 27

how to assess visual acuity in infants

Answer 27

hold object in front of eyes and check if they can fix on object + follow it w eyes

Question 28

visual acuity tests for kids who cant read letters or numbers

Answer 28

use HOTV or tumbling E test

Question 29

peripheral visual fields | [upward, downward, nasally, temporally]

Answer 29

upward 50 downward 70 nasally 60 temporally 90

Question 30

expected extraocular mvmt

Answer 30

* **may not be symmetrc in newborns*** - symmetric corneal reflex - cover/uncover test = equal mvmt - no nystagmus in 6 cardinal fields

Question 31

color vision test

Answer 31

ishihara color or hardy-rand-rittler test

Question 32

expected internal exam

Answer 32

-red reflex present in infants

Question 33

top of auricles should meet...

Answer 33

outer canthus of the eyes

Question 34

is cerumen an expected finding?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

expected hearing findings [newborn, infant, older children]

Answer 35

newborn: intact acoustic blink reflex to sudden sounds infants: turn towards sounds older children: whisper test

Question 36

white coat on tongue on infants

Answer 36

normal: fr milk, easily removable not norm: candidiasis, NOT removable

Question 37

infants should have 6-8 teeth by...

Answer 37

1 yr of age

Question 38

how many deciduous teeth? how many permanent teeth?

Answer 38

D: 20 P: 32

Question 39

expected tonsils

Answer 39

infants: might not be visible children: barely visible to prominent

Question 40

chest shape

Answer 40

infants: circular; ant post= lateral children: transverse to ant post is 2:1

Question 41

ribs in infants

Answer 41

more soft + flexible | -no protrusions or bulges

Question 42

expected thorax mvmt

Answer 42

no retraction - irregular rhythm in infants - 7 or younger, more ab mvmt during resp

Question 43

expected breath sounds

Answer 43

inspiration longer than expiration

Question 44

expected breast finding

Answer 44

enlarged in newborns in first few days

Question 45

in females, breasts typically develop....

Answer 45

bw 10-14 years | -should be asymmetric, have no masses

Question 46

infant + toddlers have ____ abdomens; children + adolescents have __ abdomens

Answer 46

rounded; flat

Question 47

the __ testicle hangs slightly lower than the ___

Answer 47

left lower than right

Question 48

expected spine in INFANTS

Answer 48

- no dimples - no tufts of hair - midline - C-shaped lateral curve

Question 49

expected spine in TODDLERS

Answer 49

squat w short legs | -protuberant abs

Question 50

expected spine in PRESCHOOLERS

Answer 50

more erect than toddlers

Question 51

expected spine in SCHOOL AGED

Answer 51

developed cervical, thoracic, + lumbar curvature like that of adults

Question 52

expected spine in ADOLESCENTS

Answer 52

midline | -no scoliosis

Question 53

expected gait

Answer 53

toddlers + young children: bowlegged or locked knee is common ----feet should face forward older children + adolescents: steady gait ---even wear on sole of foot

Question 54

cerebellar function tests are for which age group?

Answer 54

children + adolescents

Question 55

types of cerebellar function tests

Answer 55

- finger to nose - heel to shin - romberg