Alterations in GU functions

Question 1

expected urine output

INFANT

Answer 1

2 mL/kg/hr

Question 2

expected urine output

CHILD

Answer 2

0.5-1 mL/kg/hr

Question 3

expected urine output

ADOLESCENT

Answer 3

40-80 mL/kg/hr

Question 4

UTI is most often caused by…

Answer 4

E.coli

Question 5

anyone <2y.o. w fever of unknown origin

Answer 5

test for UTI

Question 6

CYSTITIS VS PYELONEPHRITIS

Answer 6

C: lower UTI (urinary tract + bladder)
P: upper UTI (above bladder)

Question 7

UTI

expected findings in INFANTS

Answer 7

• incr irritability
• scream/strain when voiding
• foul smell urine
• freq urinatn
• fever

Question 8

UTI

expected findings in CHILDREN

Answer 8

• ab pain
• suprapubic/flank pain
• dysuria
• enuresis/urgency
• polyuria
• cloudy + foul smell urine

Question 9

UTI

diagnosis

Answer 9

urine dipstick or urinalysis

• leukocytes
• nitrite

Question 10

bladder exstrophy

Answer 10

bladder is turned in

-so part is inside abdominal wall

Question 11

bladder exstrophy

priority nursing actions

Answer 11

cover exposed bladder w plastic wrap

-to maintain moisture

Question 12

hypospadias vs epispadias

Answer 12

congenital anomaly of location of the urethral meatus

HYPO: ventral/front
EPI: dorsal/back

Question 13

hypospadias + epispadias surgery

Answer 13

performed at 6-12 months to prevent psych trauma

Question 14

Phimosis

Answer 14

narrowing of foreskin opening

• usually disappears on its own
• DO NOT forcibly retract

Question 15

cyptorchidism

Answer 15

undescended testicles

Question 16

chordee

Answer 16

fibrous bad causing the ventral curvature of penis

Question 17

OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY

Answer 17

structural + functional abnormality of urinary tract

>can cause VESICOURETERAL REFLUX + HYDRONEPHROSIS

Question 18

VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

Answer 18

condition in which urine flows backward from the bladder to one or both ureters and sometimes to the kidneys

Question 19

HYDRONEPHROSIS

Answer 19

swelling happens when urine can’t drain from a kidney and builds up in the kidney

Question 20

OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY

diagnosis

Answer 20

Voiding CystoUrethroGram [VCUG]

-diagnoes ureteropelvicjunction + uterovesicular obstructions

Question 21

OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY should avoid…

Answer 21

contact sports lol

Question 22

Enuresis

Answer 22

repeated involuntary voiding 2x/wk for 3 mos

-usually 5-6 y.o.

Question 23

Primary Enuresis

Answer 23

never had bladder control

>fr maturation delay or small functionl bladdr

Question 24

Secondary Enuresis

Answer 24

had bladder control

>assoc w stress, infectn, sleep disordrs

Question 25

Enuresis | intervention

Answer 25

limit fluids esp at night | 2hr before bedtime

Question 26

Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 26

alteratn in kidney function >change in basement membrane permeability >>>allows proteins esp albumin to pass into urine

Question 27

Nephrotic Syndrome causes _____ which then causes ___

Answer 27

hypoalbunemia + hypoproteinemia; edema, proteinuria

Question 28

Nephrotic Syndrome | manifestations

Answer 28

- decreased urine - frothy urine - normal to slightly low BP - tight fitting clothes (fr edema) - wt gain

Question 29

Nephrotic Syndrome | intervention

Answer 29

steroid therapy w prednisone >for 4-6 wks start w 60mg/m/day >then for 2-3 months 40 mg/m every other day >taper

Question 30

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis

Answer 30

damaged glomeruli fr immune complexes after an illness

Question 31

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis | usually occurs after contracting.....

Answer 31

GABHS infection

Question 32

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis | the damaged glomeruli results in ______, and kidneys respond by _______ and retaining ______

Answer 32

lowered GFR; increased vascular permeability; retaining Na + H2O

Question 33

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis | findings

Answer 33

- tea colored urine | - HTN

Question 34

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis | lab tests

Answer 34

- positive antistreptolysin O titer [ASO] | - urinalysis may show proteinuria

Question 35

Acute Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis | interventions

Answer 35

- Na + fluid restriction | - K restrictions during periods of oliguria