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Gastrointestinal 2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Hirschsprung Disease

A

congenital absence of ganglion cells in wall segment of rectum + colon
>stops peristalsis
>inadequate motility
>caus obstruction in intestines

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2
Q

Hirschsprung Disease is assoc w…

A
  • congenital heart defects
  • down syndrome
  • urinary tract anomalies
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3
Q

Hirschsprung Disease
manifestations

A
  • ab distention
  • bilious vomiting
  • failure to pass meconium w/in first 24-48 hr after birth
  • foul smelling diarrhea w blood
  • severe chronic constipation
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4
Q

Hirschsprung Disease
diagnosis

A

rectal biopsy for ganglion cells

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5
Q

Hirschsprung Disease
treatment

A
  • remove aganglionic portion
  • colostomy
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6
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

abdominal contents protrude into thoracic cavity thru diaphragm

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7
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, ab contents are pushed against…

A

LUNGS
>20-35% mortality rate
> barrel-shaped chest
>sunken abdomen

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8
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
best position for infants

A

head + thorax higher than abdomen
>to facilitate downward mvmt of ab organs

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9
Q

Umbilical Hernia

A

weak or imperfectly closed umbilical ring

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10
Q

Umbilical Hernia
pushed thru when…

A
  • coughing
  • crying
  • straining
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11
Q

Umbilical Hernia
reduced when…

A

pushing bowel back thru fibrous ring

-sometimes spontaneous improvement

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12
Q

Umbilical Hernia requires surgery if…

A

strangulation occurs or defects lasts 4-5 years

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13
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation by obstruction of appendiceal lumen

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14
Q

ruptured appendix + peritonitis is causes by…

A

edema continues>
>vasc supply is compromised
>bacteria invades

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15
Q

main sign of appendicitis

A

ab pain in RLQ or mcburney point

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16
Q

most common cause of emergency surgery in kids

A

appendicitis

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17
Q

sign of perforated appendix

A

sudden relief of pain

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18
Q

Appendicitis
nursing mgmt

A

start IV
draw labs
imaging
symptom relief

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19
Q

Appendicitis
labs

A

elevated WBC
elevated neutrophils

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20
Q

Appendicitis
imagine

Study These Flashcards
A

appendix U/S
CT w contrast

21
Q

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Study These Flashcards
A

inflammatory disease caused by ischemia or hypoxemia
>>produce vasc compromise of bowel mucosa + necrotic patches
>>interferes w digestion

22
Q

Necrotizing Enterocolitis
mortality rate

23
Q

Necrotizing Enterocolitis is most common in..

Study These Flashcards
A

premature infants

24
Q

Necrotizing Enterocolitis is caused by…

Study These Flashcards
A

>intestinal ischemia
>bacterial/viral infection
>immature GI mucosa

25
Necrotizing Enterocolitis symptoms occur....
2nd week of life
26
Necrotizing Enterocolitis manifestations
- incr gastric residual - vomiting - irritability - ab distention - blood diarrhea
27
if Necrotizing Enterocolitis is untreated...
progress to sepsis
28
Necrotizing Enterocolitis requires prompt treatment
- bowel rest - gastric decompression - abx therapy
29
Meckel's Diverticulum
outpouching of ileum near the ileocecal alve \>poush contains gastric contents causes ulceration
30
Meckel's Diverticulum etiology
- appear by 2 y.o. - most common GI malformation
31
Meckel's Diverticulum manifestation
- ulceration - bowel obstruction - perforation - peritonitis
32
Meckel's Diverticulum diagnosis
- bleeding diverticulum - occult blood stool test
33
Meckel's Diverticulum treatment
surgical removal of diverticulum + involved bowel
34
2 types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
1 Crohn disease 2 Ulceritive Colitis
35
Crohn disease targets which portion
randomly throughout GI tract | (like mouth + anus)
36
Crohn disease manifestation
enteric fistulas bw loops of bowels + nearby organs
37
Crohn disease diagnosis
radiologic + biopsy exams
38
Ulcerative colitis targets which portion
entire length of bowel | (large intestine + rectal mucosa)
39
Ulcerative colitis manifestations
- ESR - CRP - hypo-albuminemia
40
Risk of cancer is greater in _____ and slightly increased in \_\_\_\_\_
Crohn; Ulcerative Colitis
41
Risk of cancer is greater in _____ and slightly increased in \_\_\_\_\_
Crohn; Ulcerative Colitis
42
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of stomach + intestines
43
Crohn disease puts children at risk for...
dehydration hypovolemic shock
44
T/F bowel patterns vary widely
TRUE
45
Constipation
ineffective rectal filling or ineffective rectal emptying
46
Constipation therapy
- incr fluids - bowel training - incr high fiber
47
Constipation cycle
\>child dislikes feelingof passing stools\> holds it\> stool hardens\> makes it harder\> more painful to pass
48
Crohn vs Ulcerative Colitis 1 Anal or perineal lesions 2 anorexia 3 diarrhea 4 growth retardation 5 pain 6 rectal bleeding 7 weight loss

Pediatrics (51 decks)

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