ATI 15 - Cognitive + Sensory Impairments

Question 1

how often to screen visual impairment

Answer 1

yearly

Question 2

myopia [nearsightedness] manifestations

Answer 2

• headaches/vertigo
• eye rubbing
• difficulty reading
• clumsiness (frequently walking into objects)
• poor school performance

Question 3

hyperopia [farsightedness]

Answer 3

-because of accommodation, not usually detected until age 7

Question 4

astigmatism + manifestations

Answer 4

uneven refractive curvature in vision in which only parts of letters on a page can be seen
M: headache/vertigo

Question 5

astigmatism may seem like normal vision because…

Answer 5

tilting the head enables all letters to be seen

Question 6

Amblyopia aka

Answer 6

lazy eye

Question 7

Amblyopia

Answer 7

reduced visual acuity in one eye

Question 8

Esotropia

Answer 8

inward deviation

-strabismus

Question 9

Exotropia

Answer 9

outward deviation

-strabismus

Question 10

Strabismus Objective Manifestation

Answer 10

• misaligned eyes
• frowning or squinting
• difficulty seeing print clearly
• one eye closed to better vision
• head tilted to one side
• crossed eyed

Question 11

Strabismus Subjective Manifestations

Answer 11

• headache
• dizzy
• diplopia
• photophobia

Question 12

tests for Strabismus

Answer 12

• abnormal corneal light reflex

- cover test

Question 13

Cataracts

Answer 13

gray opacity of the lens which prevents light from entering into the eye

Question 14

Cataract manifestations

Answer 14

• decr ability to see clearly
• possible loss of peripheral vision
• nystagmus
• strabismus
• absent red reflex

Question 15

cataract sign in infants

Answer 15

inability to reach and grab objects like a rattle toy

Question 16

Glaucoma

Answer 16

increased ocular pressure in eye

Question 17

Glaucoma manifestations

Answer 17

• loss of periph vision
• halos around objects
• red eye
• epiphora
• photophobia
• blepharospasm
• corneal haziness
• buphtalmos
• possible pain

Question 18

In glaucoma patients, the red reflex will appear

Answer 18

gray to green

Question 19

epiphora

Answer 19

excessive tearing

Question 20

blepharospasm

Answer 20

spasmodic winking

Question 21

buphthalmos

Answer 21

enlargement of the eyeball

Question 22

retina is normally vascularized around which age…

Answer 22

8 month gestation

Question 23

immature blood vessels constricts when exposed to…

Answer 23

high O2 concentration

Question 24

leading cause of vision loss in kids

Answer 24

amblyopia

Question 25

HOTV test

Answer 25

picture chart

Question 26

child should be ___ ft away for vision tests

Answer 26

10 feet

Question 27

partial visual impairment

Answer 27

acuity of 20/70 to 20/200

Question 28

legal blindness

Answer 28

20/200 or worse

Question 29

ishihara or hardt-rand-rittler test

Answer 29

for color vision | set of cards to identify the number

Question 30

MYOPIA | corrective measure

Answer 30

bioconcave lenses contact lenses laser surgery for adolescent

Question 31

HYPEROPIA | corrective measure

Answer 31

-convex lenses | laser surgery

Question 32

ASTIGMATISM | corrective measure

Answer 32

lenses that compensate for refractive errors | laser surgery

Question 33

AMBLYOPIA | corrective measure

Answer 33

treat primary visual defect - occlusion therapy on good eye 2-6 hr/daily - best chance of tx by 5-6 y0

Question 34

STRABISMUS | corrective measure

Answer 34

occlusion therapy -patch stronger eye -remove patch 1 hr each day laser surgery

Question 35

caring for a child w vision impairment

Answer 35

- orient to surroundings - promote independence - aid in meeting milestones - call by name before touching - refer to services (braille, audio tape, special computers)

Question 36

conductive hearing loss

Answer 36

problem w sound transmission | -otitis media, external ear infectn, foreign bodies, excessv ear wax

Question 37

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 37

problem w transmission along nerve pathway | -can be fr congenital defects, or secondary acquired conditions, genetic

Question 38

central auditory imperception

Answer 38

involves all other hearing losses r/t natl causes

Question 39

hearing loss | **expected findings INFANTS**

Answer 39

- lack of startle reflex - failure to respond to noise - absence of vocalization by 7 mo - lack of response to the spoken word - failure to localize sound by 6 mo

Question 40

hearing loss | expected findings OLDER CHILDREN

Answer 40

* *using gestures instead of talking after 15 mo** - failure to dvlp understood speech by 24 mo * *yelling to express emo** - irritability due to inability to gain attention - seems shy/withdrawn - inattentive to surrounding * *monotone speech** - need to repeat convo * *speak loudly for situation**

Question 41

**hearing loss nursing care**

Answer 41

- promote speech dvlpt. lip readng, cued speech, hand gestures w verbl commnctn - encourage socializtn + use of aids to promote indpndnc (flshng light for cell) - assist w hearing aids (store batteries in safe place, if can hear whstlng then turn down volume) - assess gait + balance

Question 42

signs of visual impairment in infants

Answer 42

- unable to follow light/objects - no eye contact - dull vacant stare - does not imitate facial expressions

Question 43

signs of visual impairment in toddlers + older children

Answer 43

- rub, shut, or cover eyes - tilt or thrust head forward - frequent blinking - hold object close - bumps into objects - squints

Question 44

color blindness

Answer 44

x linked recessive disorder | -10% of males

Question 45

tx for sensorineural hearing impairment

Answer 45

cochlear implant

Question 46

tx for conductive hearing impairment

Answer 46

- communicatn device | - hearing aids