attachment Flashcards
(67 cards)
what is interactional synchrony
this is when an infant mirrors the behaviour that their caregiver does, such as moving head around at the same time.
what is reciprocity
this is responding to an action with a similar action
what is the study for interactional synchrony
Six infants between the ages of 12 and 21 days of age were shown three facial gestures and one manual gesture sequentially. Their responses were videotaped and scored by observers who didnt know which gesture the infants had seen the adult do
what were the findings
The results shown that infants of this young age were able to mirror all the gestures. Suggests synchronised behaviours are innate.
what is the study for reciprocity
12 mother infant pairs who were seen repeatedly over the infants first five months of life. Mothers would come from behind a curtain to play with their infant for 3mins. Mothers would leave and recording would continue for 30 seconds whilst the infant was alone. The mother would then return for a second 3 minute face to face interaction. The mothers were instructed to sometimes present a still unresponsive face. When the mothers were carrying out face to face interactional play the infants moved their bodies in smooth circular patterns and looked frequently at their mothers but when mothers stopped responding to them. Infants movement become jerky and they averted their gaze, followed by a short period of attempting to get their mothers attention, until they curled up and lay motionless
What is the A03 for this
well controlled procedure- recorder every single angle so that nothing will be missed
low population validity, used 6 infants and 12 infant mother pairs.
What are schaffers stages of attachment
Asocial- first few weeks, indiscriminate 2-7 months, specific 7 months, multiple 8-12 months
What was the study for his stages of attachment
sample of 60 babies, based in the uk, the babies and their mother were visited every month for their first year and then again at 18 months, the mothers were asked about their babies behaviours when they were seperated from them and when there was a stranger
what are the findings of the study
attachment was loosely linked to age, by 6-8 months kids developed seperation anxiety. 65% developed attachments to their mother first, 27 formed joint attachments, 3% formed an attachment with their father first
what is the A03 for this study
low population validity, self report data, high ecological validity, supported by research
what was Grossmans study into the role of the father
carried out a longitudinal study, found that fathers role in forming attachment, the role of play was more important for attachment
What did Field find
Field found that when a father is the primary caregiver, their attitude is much more different than when theyre a secondary caregiver as they spend more time imitating and playing with toddlers suggesting gender doesnt matter
What did lamb find
Lamb found that when children are in a positive mood theyre more likely to go to their father but when theyre in need of comfort theyll go to their mum
A03 into role of attachment
Low population validity, longitudinal research-grossman, socially sensitive,
What is imprinting
Imprinting- larenz, refers to an innate readiness to form a bond with your mother
what is contact comfort
contact comfort-harlow, refers to an infants need for physical closeness and touching
What was the study for imprinting
Larenz conducted a study where he took a large group of eggs, half of them hatched with him, the other hatched with their mother, when the geese hatched larenz imitated quacking sounds
what were the findings of the study
it was found that after hatched, half of the geese went to their mother and the other half went to larenz, this suggests who they imprinted on. they followed the first object they had seen after the 12-17 hour critical period.
What was the study for contact comfort
harlow used baby rheus’ to conduct a study for contact comfort, used conditions of a cloth mother and a wire mother that produced milk.
The animals were studied for 165 days (90 day critical period) with all behaviours measured and recorder. They were in fear conditions where they had been presented with scary mechanical animals to observe whether they would use their respective mothers as a safe base.
what were the findings of the study
all monkeys spent time with the cloth mother the most even if it wasnt providing them with milk, this suggests you dont form an attachment to who feeds you but who provides you with contact comfort
what is the A03 for the animal studies
ethical issues, difficulty generalising, high control- contradicted by learning theory
what is classical conditioning
learning via association
neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus so that it eventually becomes conditioned- suggests attachment is formed from being fed
how is an attachment formed via classical conditioning
food is an unconditioned stimulus, a baby crying is a unconditioned response, the mother is a neutral stimulus as it cant satisfy the baby alone, the mother pairs with the food and becomes a conditioned stimulus, the baby then associates food with pleasure and that is a conditioned response
what is operant conditioning
learning through consequences
