SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Question 1

what are the 3 types of conformity

Answer 1

Compliance, internalisation, identification

Question 2

what is compliance

Answer 2

change of opinion due to pressure from society

Question 3

what are the types of social influence

Answer 3

NSI ISI

Question 4

What are the explanations of conformity

Answer 4

Group size, unanimity, task difficulty

Question 5

what were the findings of ASCH’s study

Answer 5

75% of pps conformed at least once, real pps conformed 32% to a critical trial where confederate gave the wrong answer

Question 6

A03 for Aschs’ study

Answer 6

Low ecological validity- isnt in a real world setting, ethical issues-deception, high control, gender bias, cultural bias

Question 7

Factors affecting conformity to social roles

Answer 7

LOCATION UNIFORM PROXIMITY

Question 8

What happened in zimbardos study

Answer 8

pps randomly allocated to the role of a guard or a prisoner,guards were issued khaki uniform with hand cuffs and dark glasses, within a short time guards and prisoners adapted to their roles, guards acted in a sadistic manner, lasted shorter than it shouldve

Question 9

A03 for zimbardos prison experiment

Answer 9

low ecological validity- not in a real life sitaution, we cant apply it to the real world, controlled setting.
ethical issues
low population validity
practical application- changed the way prisons were run

Question 10

what is the definition of obedience

Answer 10

following orders from someone of a higher authority figure to you

Question 11

what happened in milgrams study

Answer 11

conducted a lab experiment with a learner and teacher(put in seperate rooms), the teacher was told to raise volts everytime an answer was wrong from 15 volts to 450.(milgram- the experimenter, wore a grey lab coat and gave out the instructions)

Question 12

what were the findings

Answer 12

he found all pps were willing to go to 300 volts but only 65 were willing to go to 450, when the teacher wasnt in the same room he found obedience levels dropped to 20.5%

Question 13

A03 of milgrams study

Answer 13

lacks ecological validity, standard procedures, gender bias, population validity, ethical issues

Question 14

what is the agentic state

Answer 14

this is when people only conform to authority when the authoriy will take responsibility for their actions

Question 15

how can we see the agentic state through milgram

Answer 15

when the students were reminded to take responsibility for their actions, they said they wouldnt do it, when milgram said he would take responsibility, they said they would. when milgram told them to give shocks, the rates of people giving 450 volts was 92.5

Question 16

A03 of the agentic state

Answer 16

It cant explain nazi behaviour, german nazis shot polish people even when they werent told to, they werent powerless to obey.

its better explained as plain cruelty, zimbardos prison guards couldve used the experiment to show their sadistic nature.

Question 17

what is legitamecy of authority

Answer 17

people tend to obey you if they believe your authority is morally right

Question 18

what is the authoritarian personality

Answer 18

states personality explains obedience rather than situational factors, a person is hostile to someone of a low social status but respectful to someone of a high social status

Question 19

what is the study for the authoritarian personality

Answer 19

milgram, used 2000 middle class white americans, measured their attitudes towards other racial groups, used the F scale to measure authoritarian personality
milgram found those that were highly obedient in his study scored higher on the F scale than those who werent. suggests authoritarian personality can explain obedience

Question 20

what is meant by the term resistance to social control

Answer 20

individuals choose to ignore social influence and live by their own choice

Question 21

what is social support

Answer 21

to have another person on your side, greatly increasing non conformism and disobedience

Question 22

what is the research support for social support

Answer 22

Asch, he found confromity decline from 32% to 2.5% when one of the confederates broke unanimity and gave the correct answer.

Question 23

other research support for social support

Answer 23

milgrsms shock- in another variation when there was more than 1 teacher in the room, when one teacher refused to give more shocks, the obedience dropped from 66% to 10%

Question 24

what is meant by internal locus of control

Answer 24

this is when you believe you are responsible for your own actions

Question 25

What is meant by external social control

Answer 25

This is where you believe that society is responsible for ur actions, you never take responsibility

Question 26

What is Social change

Answer 26

This is where the social norms of a society change over time

Question 27

What is minority influence

Answer 27

This is when a smaller group convinces a larger group to change their ways

Question 28

What is an example of minority influence

Answer 28

The spread of christianity, this started in a small country and spread to europe

Question 29

What are the 3 types of minority influence

Answer 29

Consistency, commitment, flexibility

Question 30

What is social cryptoamnesia

Answer 30

This is the process where members of the minority influence get to the majority, this then causes a snowball effect where more and more members are converted

Question 31

What is the research support for consistency and commitment

Answer 31

Moscovici and naffrechoux conducted experiments on minority influence. Pps were divided into groups of 6( 4 real and 2 confederates), they were told their taking part in a study of visual perception. The pps were shown 36 shades of blue and asked to say out loud what the colour was. In the control group the non confederates said the colours were green 0.25% of the time. The inconsistent minority group (where confederates said 24/36 were green)pps said the colours were green 1.25 % of the time. In the consistent minority group(where confederates said 36/36 colours were green) pps said the colours were green 8.4 % of the time

Question 32

What is the research support for flexibility

Answer 32

Nemeth 1986 divided pps into groups of 4 with 1 confederate to negotiate how much insurance money to pay someone. She found that confederates demonstrated flexibility were more effective at persuading the majority to accept a low amount than confederats who inflexiblity stuck to a very low amount.

Question 33

what is the A03 for LOC

Answer 33

Supported by shute- found people with a high ILOC were less likely to conform to taking drugs. supported by holland. recreated milgrams experiment, found 37% of people ILOC didnt conform compared to 23% of externals.

Question 34

what is the a03 for isi and nsi

Answer 34

asch study, evaluate asch study lucas et al- pps were more likely to conform when the question was hard. shows isi as people conform when theyre unsure of something. nsi doesnt predict conformity in every case. nafilliators are more likely to conform than non nafilliators

Question 35

what is the a03 for the authoritarian personality

Answer 35

research support- milgram and elms conducted a interview with the people that participated in the obedience studies. he found that those that were obedient scored higher on the f scale than those that were disobedient. shows that the authoritarian personality has something to do with obedience. not all of them had characteristics associated with the AP- not all glorified their fathers an didnt experience punishment during their childhood- shows there can be a different explanation for obedience education may determine authoritarian and personality- people that are less educated are more authoritarian than those that are educated- education has a greater influence on obedience. there are other variables such as situational variables- milgram situational variables- people are more likely to conform due to uniform

Question 36

what is the A03 for social support

Answer 36

supported by asch- evaluate asch study supported by milgram-evaluate milgram study