Attachment Evaluations Flashcards
(21 cards)
Caregiver-infant interactions in humans Positive Evaluations
Meltzoff & Moore found 12-21 day old infants had the ability to observe and reciprocate through imitation
Multiple observers provide inter-rater reliability
Caregiver-infant interactions in humans Negative Evaluation
Findings reliant on inferences and skills of the observers
Positive Evaluations of Stages of Attachment
Schaffer and Emerson (1964)
Longitudinal observation of of 60 working class babies
Found separation anxiety occured by 25-32 weeks with stranger anxiety starting one month later and that 87% had multiple attachments
This study has a high level of mundane realism
Negative Evaluation of Stages of attachment
Shaffers study not generalisable as they only included people of the same culture and class from over 60 years ago
Positive Evaluation of the role of the Father
Field - found fathers are more focused on game playing and that PCG fathers showed more sensitively responsive behaviour
Negative Evaluations of the role of the Father
Socially sensitive to argue that families with two fathers feeling they can’t provide for the needs of infants
Positive Evaluation of Harlow
His findings on contact comfort align with Bowlbys views that infants crave comfort from their mothers attempting to form a monotropic relationship
Positive Evaluation of Lorenz
His findings on the critical period align with Bowlbys view that humans critical period was 6 to 30 months
Negative Evaluation of Animal Studies
Generalisation of animal behaviour to humans is problematic due to the varying biology and the various social and cultural experiences that inform human behaviour
Positive Evaluation of Cupboard Love/Learning Theory
Behaviourist principles used to explain attachment are backed up by Pavlov and Skinners well controlled research
Negative Evaluation of Cupboard Love/Learning Theory
Harwlows monkeys rejects cupboard love as infants attached to a cloth mother that provided care and not wire other that provided milk
Positive Evaluations of Bowlby’s Monotropy
His ideas have been applied to early childcare
(contact between mothers and babies encouraged in early hours of birth)
Negative Evaluations of Bowlby’s Monotropy
His view that fathers provide and the mothers montoropic role is crucial is a reflection of the 1940s so lacks temporal validity
Positive Evaluations of Maternal Deprivation
Bowlbys 44 thieves study assessed for affectionless psychopathy and MD
14 had affectionless psychopathy
12 had MD
Suggests deprivation at an early age can have harmful long term consequences
Negative Evaluations of Maternal Deprivation
Bowlbys research is correlational
Deprivation and delinquency could be linked to a third factor such as poverty or criminal relatives
Ainsworth Positive Evaluations
Strange Situation highly controlled with standardised procedure that allowed for precise replication
McCarthy found adults with secure friendships and romantic relationships were securely attached in infancy
Ainsworth Negative Evaluations
Low ecological validity as it wasn’t a familiar environment
Mothers know her behaviour is monitored and may show sensitive responsiveness due to demand characteristics
Positive Evaluations of Orphanage Studies
Hodges and Tizard found children adopted into caring families coped better than children returned to abusive families
Studies has changed policies around adoption and care into orphanages.
Negative Evaluation of Orphanage Studies
Children weren’t randomly assigned creating a bias in which more sociable children were picked for adoption
Influence of early attachment Positive Evaluations
Hazan and Shavers love quiz assessing attachment types found 56% secure(balance of closeness and independence), 25% avoidant (avoid intimacy) and 19% resistant (couldn’t cope with independence)
McCarthy found adults with long-lasting adult friendships and romantic relationships were securely attached at infancy
Negative Evaluation of IWM
Just because there is a relationship between two factors, there isn’t necessarily a causal relationship
