Multistore Model of Memory (Memory)

Question 1

Atkinson and Shriffin (1968)

Answer 1

Cognitive model of how the memory system processes information

Question 2

3 stores of the Multi-Store model of Memory

Answer 2

Sensory Register
LTM
STM

Question 3

Sensory Register (SR) (1st store)

Answer 3

Receives raw sense impressions in each moment that passes info to STM

Question 4

Sensory Register Coding, Capacity and Duration

Answer 4

Coding = modality specific
Capacity = Unlimited
Duration = 250 ms (v short)

Question 5

STM (2nd store)

Answer 5

Receives info from SR by paying attention or from LTM by retrieval

Question 6

How does the STM keep information in STM (2)?

Answer 6

Through maintenance rehearsal

Through passing information onto LTM by linking it to information in the LTM (elaborative rehearsal)

Question 7

How does STM lose information (2)?

Answer 7

Displacement - new info enters the STM

Decay - lost over time

Question 8

STM Coding, Capacity and Duration

Answer 8

Coding = Acoustic
Capacity = 7 plus or minus 2 items (Miller)
Duration = Approximately 18 seconds

Question 9

LTM (3rd store)

Answer 9

Permenant memory storage where forgotten information appears to be inaccessible

To use the information it must be passed back to STM (retrieval)

Question 10

LTM Coding, Capacity and Duration

Answer 10

Coding = Semantically
Capacity = Unlimited
Duration = Forever

Question 11

Multi Store Model of Memory Diagram

Answer 11

Question 12

Acoustic v semantically similar

Answer 12

Acoustic based on sound (big fig dig)

Semantic based on meaning (big huge enormous)

Question 13

What did Glanzer and Cunitz find regarding the MSMM?

Answer 13

That the STM and LTM are separate

Found words at the start and end of word lists were more easily recalled (primary recency effect)

Question 14

What did Sperling find regarding the capacity and duration of SR?

Answer 14

Recall of random row of a 12 letter grid flashed for a twentieth of a second was 75%

Suggesting all rows were stored in the SR (large capacity) but not all 12 could be written as items were forgotten = short duration

Question 15

What did Jacobs find regarding the capacity of the STM?

Answer 15

Found the recall for lists of letters averaged 7 items for letters and 9 for numbers

This can be improved by chunking

Suggests STM has a store of 7+/- 2

Question 16

What did Peterson and Peterson find regarding the duration of STM?

Answer 16

Found recall of 3 letter trigrams (eg HFR, TSF) was less than 10% after 18 seconds of performing an inference task

Suggests STM duration is very short (18-30 seconds)

Question 17

Positive Evaluations of Multistore model of memory overview

Answer 17

Glanzer and Cunitz (STM and LTM separate

Sperling (SR large capacity byt short duration)

Jacobs (STM capacity is 7+/-2)

Peterson and Peterson (STM duration short)

Question 18

Negative Evaluations MMSM

Answer 18

Cognitive tests of models of memory are done in labs and lack mundane realism and ecological validity

There are different types of LTM and WMM explains STM as a more active system with multiple stores