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Flashcards in attention Deck (32)
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1
Q

The act of attending to an object to select it apart from the unattended objects

A

Selection

2
Q

refers to our conscious ability to attend to the information that is relevant to our goals.

A

attention

3
Q
  • Involuntary “capture”

- Fast, efficient, and obligatory

A

Automatic processes

4
Q
  • Conscious attention (voluntary)

- Slow, effortful

A

controlled processes

5
Q

participants remember unattended information

A

breakthrough

6
Q

items contain matching word and colour dimensions (the word RED is written in the colour red)

A

congruent

7
Q

items contain mismatching word and colour dimensions (the word BLUE written in the colour green)

A

incongruent

8
Q

change the ratio of congruent to incongruent trials

A

Proportion Congruent Manipulation

9
Q

the number of items to search through

A

set size

10
Q

increase in difficulty as set size increases

A

set size effect

11
Q

when the object of a visual search is easily found, regardless of set size (easily induced by colour)

A

pop-out effect

12
Q

even with directed focus, attention limits lead us to miss information
Attention captures a portion of the external world to the internal mind

A

change blindness

13
Q

have a ‘live’ quality feeling, almost as if a person is looking at a photo taken from that evening and I was very surprised to learn that I was completely wrong about at least one detail

A

flashbulb memories

14
Q

despite competing background noises, a listener can focus on a single channel and still pick out relevant salient information from the background

A

cocktail party effect

15
Q

headphones are worn so that one message can be presented to one ear and a different message can be presented to the other ear

A

dichotic listening paradigm

16
Q

refers to a stimulus-driven mechanism in which attention is captured by salient change in the environment

A

bottom-up processing

17
Q

you can strategically direct your attention to match your current goals and expectations from past experience through memory

A

Top-down processing

18
Q

the act by which attention moves across a scene

A

orienting

19
Q

is obvious because where you are attending is also where you are looking

A

Overt attending

20
Q

attend to things without looking

A

covert attending

21
Q

if the time between the onset of the cue and the target is more than about 300 milliseconds (which allows sufficient time to direct an eye gaze), you are actually slower to detect the target at cued locations than at uncued locations

A

Inhibition of return

22
Q

allow attention to be physically and automatically oriented

A

Exogenous cues

23
Q

allow attention to be consciously directed by interpretation of cue information

A

Endogenous cues

24
Q

has been used to model how we search for items in our environment

A

The visual search paradigm

25
Q

reflects bottom-up capture of attention riven by the salience of the physical properties of the target

A

The pop-out effect

26
Q

you need to search for 2 distinct features (colour and shape) that characterize the target (the red circle)

A

Conjunctive search

27
Q

participants are faster at identifying the target in the unaltered old displays, but they are unaware that these displays have been repeated

A

Implicit memory mechanism

28
Q

demonstrates that when the focus of attention is placed strongly on a particular stimulus, even highly salient stimulus may go unnoticed

A

Inattentional blindness

29
Q

demonstrates that salient changes in the environment often go unnoticed, even when we are looking for them

A

Change blindness

30
Q

suggests physical information is filtered before semantic processing, accounting for the dichotic listening task but not the cocktail party effect.

A

Broadbent’s early selection theory

31
Q

attempted to compensate by suggesting physical information is just attenuated and if relevant may be brought to the focus of attention

A

Treisman’s attenuation theory

32
Q

suggest filtering only occurs after physical and semantic analysis and only selected information goes on for further processing due to limitations in processing capacity

A

Late filter models