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Flashcards in problem solving Deck (23)
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1
Q

occurs when a person works from ideas and general information to arrive at specific conclusions

A

deductive reasoning

2
Q

moves away from specific facts and observations to generalizations and theories

A

inductive reasoning

3
Q

measures the extent to which repeated testing produces consistent results

A

reliability

4
Q

measures the extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher claims to measuring

A

validity

5
Q

objects can continue to exist when the child can no longer see them

A

Object permanence

6
Q

• 0-2 years
• A child will recognize that they can affect change on his environment
• Children begin to purposefully engage with the world, and act with intention
Object permanence

A

sensorimotor stage

7
Q

the ability to logically order a series of objects

A

seriation

8
Q
  • 2-7 years of age
  • egocentric
  • unable to see the display from the point of view of someone else
  • has difficulty wth seriation tasks
  • have difficulty with reversible relationships
A

preoperational

9
Q

which means that he or she has difficulty understanding the world from a perspective other than his or her own

A

egocentric

10
Q
  • 7-12 years of age
  • The child’s schemas are still concrete and based on his or her experiences with the world
  • is unable to think in abstract terms or reason based on hypotheses
A

concrete operational stage

11
Q
  • 12+ years
  • Children are able to think in abstract terms, work with hypotheses, and do everything else that makes up the range of adult cognitive abilities
A

formal operational stage

12
Q

a tendency to seek out information that directly supports the hypothesis

A

confirmation bias

13
Q

our tendency to make decisions based on the information that is most quickly available to us

A

availability heuristic

14
Q

our tendency to estimate the likelihood of a current example by comparing it to an existing prototype in our mind of what we consider to be the most relevant or typical example of a particular category

A

representativeness heuristic

15
Q

the cognitive ability of an individual to learn from experience, reason well, remember important information, and cope with the demands of daily living

A

intelligence

16
Q

THEORY TO FACT

A

Deductive reasoning

17
Q

FACT TO THEORY

A

Inductive reasoning

18
Q

our difficulty seeing alternative uses for common objects

A

Functioning Fixedness

19
Q

incorporating new information into existing schemas

A

Assimilation

20
Q

modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible information

A

Accommodation

21
Q

cognitive limitations prevent humans from being fully rational

A

Bounded Rationality

22
Q

slow; when we need to make really concentrated decisions

A

system 2

23
Q

thinking fast

A

system 1