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Flashcards in language Deck (32)
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1
Q

based on random choice rather than any reason or system

A

Arbitrary

2
Q

we have to talk about this for a while for a specific purpose, but let’s avoid thinking about how awful it is

A

Euphemism

3
Q

I want you to think about just how awful this is

A

Dysphemism

4
Q

Mammals: when suddenly injured or confined, emit sudden angry noise to startle attacker
Humans: also triggers language system- aggressive words with negative affect

A

Rage-circuit theory

5
Q

language influences our thoughts and the way we perceive and experience the world

A

Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis

6
Q

the smallest unit of sound that contains information; often a word, but some words contain multiple morphemes

A

morpheme

7
Q

We can break morphemes into its constituent sounds

A

phonemes

8
Q

the rules that govern how sentences are put together; also known as grammar

A

syntax

9
Q

refers to the meaning of each individual word

A

semantics

10
Q

the infant makes a wide range of drawn-out sounds that combine consonants and vowels; often includes rhythm and inflection, so that the infant may sound as though he’s asking a question or involved in a conversation

A

babbling

11
Q

about one and a half to 6 years; vocabulary increases rapidly and most children have mastered the major aspects of language

A

language explosion

12
Q

the ability of infants to discriminate between any sounds they’re tested on; includes sounds from non-native languages

A

Universal Phoneme Sensitivity

13
Q

occur when children apply a rule too broadly, and can occur at the level of meaning or syntax

A

overextensions

14
Q

occur when children apply a rule to a specific object only

A

underextensions

15
Q

Noam Chomsky has argued that language develops rapidly due to an innate mechanism

A

Language Acquisition Theory (LAD)

16
Q

when a forager is successful in finding a source of food, the honeybee returns to the hive, and performs a waggle dance to communicate the location of the food to other bees

A

the waggle dance

17
Q

4 criteria of language

A

symbolic, arbitrary associations, productive, rule governed

18
Q

words whose sounds are associated with their meanings

A

Onomatopoeia

19
Q

Language is designed to use a small number of components to produce and understand a wide range of symbols

A

productive

20
Q

Allow various languages to use different sounds to label the same item

A

Arbitrary associations

21
Q

With the limited set of sound combinations and words in a language, a potentially infinite number of expressions can be made, including completely novel expressions

A

rule-governed

22
Q

The meaning that is produced through the use and combination of certain words and morphemes

A

semantics

23
Q

the loss of universal phoneme sensitivity, occurs when individuals begin to specialize in a particular language and suggests that this is somewhat inherent but shaped by early experiences such as infant directed speech

A

perceptual narrowing

24
Q

occurs when someone typically suffered a stroke or head injury that gas damaged areas in the left hemisphere involved in motor control of speech

A

Foreign Accent Syndrome (FAS)

25
Q

demonstrates understanding of expectations of face-to-face social interaction

A

still face procedure

26
Q

the understanding and use of appropriate communication, develops through conversational cooing and vocalizing with parents

A

pragmatics

27
Q

refers to spoken words used to express languages

A

Expressive vocab

28
Q

refers to the understanding of more complex words and expressions by children that they are not yet able to use

A

Receptive vocab

29
Q

the understanding of language as symbolic and rule based

A

metalinguistic awareness

30
Q

Suggests that language abilities are acquired through imitation and operant conditioning, with support from case studies of language deprivation during development

A

social learning theory

31
Q

Chomsky has suggested the existence of a language acquisition device and basic universal rules for all languages; support comes from the spontaneous development of sign language in deaf children, preference for speech sounds and neurophysiological responses to native languages

A

Innate Mechanism Theory

32
Q

Nature or nurture is insufficient, both are needed to explain language

A

Interactionist Theories