memory Flashcards Preview

psych 1X03 > memory > Flashcards

Flashcards in memory Deck (42)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

a subject learns a list of items, words, or pictures.

A

encoding

2
Q

subjects are tested for their memory of the items presented during the encoding phase

A

retrieval

3
Q

a subject is asked to freely generate as many items as she can remember

A

recall test

4
Q

a subject is shown several items and asked to judge whether each item is new or old.

A

recognition test

5
Q

describes the rapidly decreasing rate of recall over time

A

the forgetting curve

6
Q

Memory is strongest for items at the beginning and end of a list

A

serial position curve

7
Q

memory performance is good for items encoded early in the list

A

primacy effect

8
Q

the last several items on the list have had the least opportunity for rehearsal and transfer to long term memory, yet recall for later items on the list is also good

A

recency effect

9
Q

the words in a list are read to the subject FASTER than normal

A

decreased primacy effect

10
Q

the words in the list are read to the subject SLOWER than normal

A

increased primacy effect

11
Q

the subject must complete a distracting task after hearing the words but before recalling them

A

decreased recency effect

12
Q

suggests that memory performance depends on the level at which the items are encoded

A

the levels of processing model

13
Q

the more we try to organize and understand the material, the better we remember it

A

levels of processing principle

14
Q

memory encodes all aspects of an experience

A

encoding specificity

15
Q

the ease with which an experience is processed, some experiences are easier than others

A

fluency

16
Q

judgment tying together causes with effects

A

attribution

17
Q

concerns how the record of memory is maintained over time. Notably, this record is not fixed and can be modified

A

storage

18
Q

a key piece of information that has the potential to activate a memory in full.

A

retrieval cues

19
Q

represents brief, transient perceptual and physical information about immediate experiences and is not limited by attention

A

sensory memory

20
Q

visual information

A

iconic memory

21
Q

auditory information

A

echoic memory

22
Q

refers to the process by which information is organized into sets of familiar groups or categories of items

A

chunking

23
Q

represents a refined version of short term memory and consists of 3 buffers

A

working memory

24
Q

storage of information through verbal rehearsal

A

phonological loop

25
Q

is a new addition to the working memory model; it is thought to temporarily represent and manipulate visual information

A

visuospatial sketchpad

26
Q

uses other buffers and long term memory to remember and hold online past episodes

A

episodic buffer

27
Q

responsible for managing and manipulating the buffers

A

central executive

28
Q

are knowledge structures and expectations built through experiences and memories and aid in navigation

A

schemas

29
Q

memory for specific facts or episodes; general knowledge or semantic memories

A

declarative memory

30
Q

implicit and procedural memories, not overtly recalled but apparent in functioning

A

non-declarative memory

31
Q

cannot remember events that took place shortly before the event/trauma

A

Retrograde amnesia

32
Q

unable to form new lasting memories

A

Anterograde amnesia

33
Q

suggests we have 3 stores for memory: sensory memory perceives sensory information which is selectively held online by STM and with rehearsal through STM components may be transferred and stored in LTM

A

multi-store model

34
Q

are tricks used to make to-be remembered information more relevant and easier to remember

A

mnemonic strategies

35
Q

suggests memory is enhanced when encoding and retrieval utilize the same or similar processes

A

Transfer Appropriate Processing

36
Q

can be helpful in reducing interference from irrelevant memories

A

forgetting

37
Q

suggests forgetting is based on the passage of time, but can only account for STM loss.

A

Decay theory

38
Q

occurs when knowledge learned prior to a memory prevents its retrieval

A

Proactive Interference

39
Q

occurs when new knowledge prevents the retrieval of old memories

A

Retroactive interference

40
Q

occurs when new information is thought to be part of an old memory and false memories are in turn formed

A

misinformation effect

41
Q

occur when we fail to recall the true origins of memories and often occurs when we attribute familiarity and ease of processing to the source of memories

A

source monitoring errors

42
Q

is our ability to discriminate false memories from true memories

A

reality monitoring