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Austria Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main white grape varieties known in Austria?

A

Riesling and Gruner Veltliner.

These varieties are recognized for their quality and are significant in Austrian viticulture.

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2
Q

Who started large-scale viticulture in Austria?

A

Cistercian monks.

They played a key role in establishing the terraced hills in the Wachau region.

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3
Q

What was the area of vine plantings in Austria during the 15th and 16th centuries?

A

150,000 ha.

This was three times higher than in 2018.

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4
Q

What factors contributed to the reduction of vineyards in Austria?

A
  • Invasions from Turkey
  • High taxes on wine
  • Increased popularity of beer.
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5
Q

What diseases affected Austrian vineyards in the late 1800s?

A
  • Phylloxera
  • Powdery mildew
  • Downy mildew.
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6
Q

What happened to Austrian wine exports after the diethylene glycol scandal in 1985?

A

Exports dropped from almost 30 million litres in 1985 to under 5 million litres in 1986.

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7
Q

When was the Austrian Wine Marketing Board established?

A

Its purpose was to help change the image of Austrian wine.

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8
Q

What is the general climate of Austria for viticulture?

A

Cool and continental.

Local climates can vary significantly due to geographical influences.

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9
Q

How do northern and southern vineyards in Austria differ in climate influence?

A

Northern vineyards are influenced by cool northerly winds, while southern vineyards are influenced by the Adriatic and are warmer.

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10
Q

What are the two main soil types found in Austria?

A
  • Thin soils over rock (granite, gneiss)
  • Richer soils such as Loess.
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11
Q

Which grape variety is typically planted on thinner soils?

A

Riesling.

Riesling requires less water compared to Gruner Veltliner.

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12
Q

What training method was most common in the 1980s for Austrian viticulture?

A

Lens Mozer system.

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13
Q

What are the current common training methods for vines in Austria?

A
  • Single Guyot
  • Double Guyot
  • VSP trellising.
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14
Q

What percentage of vineyards in Austria are organic and certified sustainable?

A

15% organic and 18% certified sustainable.

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15
Q

What is the maximum legally capped yield for Austrian vineyards?

A

67 hl/ha.

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16
Q

What percentage of Austrian plantings are white varieties?

A

2/3rds.

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17
Q

Which grape variety accounts for 33% of all plantings in Austria?

A

Gruner Veltliner.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of Gruner Veltliner?

A
  • Medium + to high acidity
  • Generally unoaked
  • Thick skins contribute to pepper aroma.
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19
Q

What is Zweigelt a cross of?

A

Sankt Laurent and Blaufrankisch.

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20
Q

What are the key attributes of Zweigelt wines?

A
  • Medium + acidity
  • Medium tannin
  • Red fruit flavors, especially cherry.
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21
Q

What is Welschriesling known for?

A
  • High acidity
  • Quite neutral aromatics.
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22
Q

What is a notable aspect of Blaufrankisch grapes?

A

They have thick skins, producing wines with medium + to high tannins and deep color.

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23
Q

What type of wines are Austrian Rieslings typically?

A

Almost always dry with high acidity and the potential to age.

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24
Q

What is the role of the Austrian Wine Law?

A

It links the style of wine to its origin and includes the DAC system.

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25
What does the term 'Qualitatswein' imply in Austrian wine law?
Wine with PDO that has undergone a government inspection for quality.
26
What are the three classifications of dry white wine in Wachau?
* Steinfeder * Federspiel * Smaragd.
27
What region in Austria is known for producing a majority of Riesling and Gruner Veltliner?
Wachau.
28
What is the significance of the Vinea Wachau association?
It classifies single vineyards based on soil and climate.
29
What fruit characteristics are commonly found in wines from the terraces with high levels of sunshine?
Citrus, stone fruit, and tropical fruit in the case of smaragd wines. ## Footnote The high levels of sunshine contribute to the ripening of these fruit flavors.
30
What is the body range for wines from the terraces?
Light (steinfeder) to full (smaragd). ## Footnote This indicates the weight and richness of the wine.
31
What is the typical alcohol by volume (ABV) for Rieslings?
Rarely go over 14% abv. ## Footnote Gruner can exceed this in hot vintages.
32
What percentage of plantings in Kremstal are Gruner Veltliner and Riesling?
Gruner Veltliner 59%, Riesling 11%. ## Footnote These are the two most planted varieties in Kremstal.
33
What are DAC wines required to be made from?
Riesling or Gruner Veltliner only. ## Footnote DAC stands for Districtus Austriae Controllatus.
34
How are red wines in Kremstal typically described?
Fruity, easy drinking styles with little to no oak influence. ## Footnote They tend to be refreshing and mid-priced.
35
What is the main grape variety planted in Kamptal?
Over 50% Gruner Veltliner. ## Footnote Zweigelt and Riesling are also present.
36
What is the climate condition in Kamptal that affects botrytis incidence?
Lower humidity than Kremstal. ## Footnote This results in less incidence of botrytis.
37
What grape variety is most planted in Wagram?
Gruner Veltliner. ## Footnote The area is based on loess soils.
38
What are the typical characteristics of wines from Weinviertel?
Dry, high acidity, and peppery aromas. ## Footnote Gruner Veltliner makes up half of all plantings.
39
What is the minimum ABV for Reserve wines in Weinviertel?
Minimum 13% abv. ## Footnote This is higher than Smaragd wines from Wachau.
40
What is the most planted black grape variety in Burgenland?
Zweigelt and Blaufrankisch. ## Footnote Black varieties make up 56% of plantings.
41
What unique climate feature aids noble rot formation in Neusiedlersee?
High humidity and strong afternoon sun. ## Footnote This allows consistent noble-rot development every vintage.
42
What type of wines are primarily produced in Leithaberg DAC?
Both red and white wines. ## Footnote Reds must be at least 85% Blaufrankisch.
43
What are the three DAC styles found in Mittelburgenland?
DAC, DAC Riedenwein, DAC Reserve. ## Footnote Each has specific aging and alcohol requirements.
44
What is the primary white grape variety in Steiermark?
Sauvignon Blanc. ## Footnote Other varieties include Welschriesling and Weissburgunder.
45
What is the DAC system in Wien called?
Wiender Gemischtersatz. ## Footnote It must be a blend with up to 20 varieties permitted.
46
What percentage of Austria's wine industry is composed of white grapes?
68%. ## Footnote This reflects the fragmented industry with many small estates.
47
In what year did Austria's wine exports reach 23% of its production?
2021. ## Footnote This marked a significant rise in export value.
48
True or False: Most wines from the Wien region are made to be consumed immediately.
True. ## Footnote They are often served in informal premises.
49
50
What is Traubenmost?
Exclusively grapes harvested and pressed in Austria ## Footnote Traubenmost is a key element in Austrian winemaking.
51
What is Sturm?
Partially fermented grape must exclusively from grapes harvested and pressed in Austria ## Footnote Sturm is an important seasonal beverage in Austria.
52
What does 'Weinland' refer to?
Weinland, Steirerland, or Bergland are terms related to Austrian wine regions ## Footnote These terms denote different geographical wine designations in Austria.
53
What is the minimum alcohol by volume (ABV) for Perlwein?
Min. 9% ABV ## Footnote Perlwein is a type of sparkling wine with specific production standards.
54
What is the pressure range for Perlwein?
1 to 2.5 ATM ## Footnote The pressure indicates the carbonation level in Perlwein.
55
What are the acceptable methods for producing Perlwein?
All methods (including added CO2) ## Footnote This includes both traditional and modern carbonation techniques.
56
What is the minimum ABV for Schaumwein?
Min. 8.5% ABV ## Footnote Schaumwein is another category of sparkling wine with its own regulations.
57
What is the pressure requirement for Schaumwein?
3 ATM ## Footnote Schaumwein typically has a higher pressure than Perlwein.
58
What is the minimum ABV for Reserve (Qualitätswein)?
Min. 13% ABV ## Footnote Reserve wines represent a higher quality tier in Austrian winemaking.
59
When are white wines typically released in Austria?
March 15 release ## Footnote This is a standard release date for Austrian white wines.
60
When are red wines typically released in Austria?
November 1 release ## Footnote Red wines have a later release date compared to white wines.
61
What is the maximum sugar content for Trocken (dry) wines?
Max 9 g/L ## Footnote Trocken wines are characterized by their low residual sugar.
62
What is the maximum sugar content for Halbtrocken (off dry) wines?
Max 18 g/L ## Footnote Halbtrocken wines have a slightly higher residual sugar level.
63
What is the maximum sugar content for Lieblich (medium-sweet) wines?
Max. 45 g/L ## Footnote Lieblich wines are recognized for their moderate sweetness.
64
What defines a Sweet wine in terms of sugar content?
Min. 45 g/L ## Footnote Sweet wines are the sweetest classification in Austrian winemaking.
65
What is the minimum KMW for Wein?
10.7° ## Footnote KMW stands for Klosterneuburger Mostwaage, a scale used to measure the sugar content in grape must.
66
What is the minimum alcohol by volume (% abv) for Wein?
Min. 8.5% ## Footnote This indicates the minimum percentage of alcohol content required for the classification.
67
Can varieties implying geographic origin be labeled by variety in Wein?
No ## Footnote Varieties such as Blaufränkisch may not be labeled by variety.
68
What is the requirement for labeling 'Bergwein'?
Vineyard slope exceeds 26% ## Footnote This classification is based on the steepness of the vineyard.
69
What is the minimum KMW for Landwein?
14° ## Footnote Landwein is a type of PGI wine.
70
What is the minimum alcohol by volume (% abv) for Landwein?
Min. 8.5% ## Footnote This specifies the minimum alcohol content for this classification.
71
What regions are classified under Landwein?
* Weinland * Bergland * Steirerland ## Footnote These are the designated regions for Landwein production.
72
What is the minimum KMW for Qualitätswein?
15° ## Footnote Qualitätswein is a type of PDO wine.
73
What is the minimum alcohol by volume (% abv) for Qualitätswein?
Min. 9% ## Footnote This specifies the minimum alcohol content for this classification.
74
What are the requirements for producing Qualitätswein?
Produced from approved varieties in a single growing region ## Footnote This ensures the quality and authenticity of the wine.
75
What is the minimum KMW for Sekt Austria?
15° ## Footnote Sekt Austria refers to sparkling wines produced in Austria.
76
What is the aging requirement for Sekt Austria produced by the traditional method?
Minimum 9 months aging on the lees ## Footnote Lees refer to the sediment left after fermentation.
77
What is the aging requirement for Sekt Austria produced by the Charmat Method?
Minimum 6 months on lees ## Footnote The Charmat Method is a process for making sparkling wine in bulk.
78
What is the maximum alcohol by volume (% abv) for Kabinett Qualitätswein?
Max. 13% ## Footnote Kabinett is a Prädikatswein category indicating a specific quality level.
79
What is the maximum residual sugar (RS) for Kabinett Qualitätswein?
Maximum 9 g/L RS ## Footnote This indicates the sugar content allowed in Kabinett wines.
80
When may Spätlese Prädikatswein be released?
Not until March 1 of the following year ## Footnote This aging requirement is part of the quality control for this wine type.
81
What is the minimum KMW for Auslese Prädikatswein?
21° ## Footnote Auslese is a higher quality category of Prädikatswein.
82
When may Auslese Prädikatswein be released?
Not until May 1 of the following year ## Footnote This is to ensure proper aging before sale.
83
What is the minimum KMW for Beerenauslese Prädikatswein?
25° ## Footnote This indicates a very high-quality level of sweet wines.
84
What is the minimum KMW for Eiswein Prädikatswein?
25° ## Footnote Eiswein is produced from grapes frozen on the vine.
85
What are the requirements for Eiswein production?
No chaptalization, cryoextraction or süssreserve ## Footnote These restrictions maintain the wine's purity and quality.
86
What is the minimum KMW for Strohwein/Schilfwein Prädikatswein?
25° ## Footnote This wine is made from dried grapes.
87
What is the requirement for producing Strohwein/Schilfwein?
Grapes dried for a minimum of 3 months ## Footnote This drying process concentrates the sugars.
88
What is the minimum KMW for Ausbruch Prädikatswein?
30° ## Footnote Ausbruch is a special dessert wine category.
89
What is the requirement for Ausbruch production?
Must come from the city of Rust ## Footnote This is a geographic designation that adds to the wine's uniqueness.
90
What is the minimum KMW for Trockenbeerenauslese Prädikatswein?
30° ## Footnote Trockenbeerenauslese is among the highest quality sweet wines.
91
What are the 6 DAC of Burgenland?
Eisenberg Leithaberg Nieusiedlersee Rosalia Mittelburgenland Ruster Ausbrusch
92
What are the DAC of Niederosterreich?
Wachau Kremstal Kamptal Traisental Wagram Weinviertal Carnuntum Thermenregien
93

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