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d3 Cards from Notes > Varieties/Soils/Vineyards of Portugal > Flashcards

Varieties/Soils/Vineyards of Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most common soils in the Mountain DOC’s?

A

Schist, granite

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2
Q

Which VR of Portugal is known for large holdings of young vines?

A

Alentejo

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3
Q

Which VR are prone to drought?

A

Dao, Douro, Alentejo

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4
Q

Which recent vintage saw Douro affected by fires?

A

2017

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5
Q

Where are bushvines found?

A

Douro, Alentejo

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6
Q

Most wines are blends, with notable exceptions of wines from which areas?

A

Bairrada (Baga), Dao (Encruzado), Moncao e Melgaco (Albarinho)

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7
Q

How many VR in Portugal?

A

14

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8
Q

How much of the GDP is from viticulture?

A

35%

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9
Q

Name the largest wine producer in Portugal.

A

Sogrape, with annual revenue larger than the next 7 producers combined

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10
Q

How many HA is Vinho Verde?

A

16000

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11
Q

What is the VR of Vinho Verde?

A

Minho

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12
Q

What is a normal amount of rain in Vinho Verde?

A

1500mm

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13
Q

What are the soils of Vinho Verde?

A

Sandy soils over granite (same as rias baixis)

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14
Q

How do growers manage the cool, damp climate in Vinho Verde?

A

Training vines high (on trees, double guyot, pergola or Lyre) and summer pruning like removing lateral shoots and green harvesting

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15
Q

Which of the white Vinho Verde varieties is late ripening?

A

Avesso

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16
Q

What is the most planted black variety in Vinho Verde?

A

Sousao

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17
Q

Which subregion in Vinho Verde may make varietal Alvarinho?

A

Moncao e Melgaco

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18
Q

If a producer from outside Moncao e Melgaco wishes to label their wine Alvarinho, how do they do it?

A

Declassify to Minho VR

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19
Q

What was the first still wine of Douro Valley?

A

Barca Velha, made by Ferndando Nicolau de Almeida in 1952

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20
Q

How long is Douro Valley?

A

100km

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21
Q

What is the bedrock of Douro?

A

Schist

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22
Q

When may producers in Douro irrigate?

A

When hydric stress threatens quality, not yields

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23
Q

How do winemakers in Douro manage to produce balanced wines despite the intense heat?

A

Use of Sousao, Touriga Franca, and Touriga Nacional, blending cooler sites with warmer sites, incorporating fruit from cooler aspects and altitudes

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24
Q

What is the VR for wines of Douro?

A

Duriense

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25
How does the port industry influence the market for still wines?
60% of production is port, as opposed to 30% still wines
26
Describe the terrain of Dao.
Surrounded from mountains and protected from both maritime systems, as well as hot desert systems from Spain
27
What other major industry is found in Dao?
Plantations of Pine and Eucalyptus
28
What are the main soils of Dao?
Either sandy or loamy granite
29
What is the climate of Dao?
Mediterranean
30
What is the normal rainfall of Dao?
1700mm, though reduces to 1100mm in the east
31
What are the varieties of Dao?
Tinta Roriz, Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Afrochiero
32
Give a tasting note for Encruzado.
Medium + Acid, Full Bodied, Citrus (lemon), stonefruit (peach), Florals, Secondary (Lees, Oak, creme fraiche), Tertiary (Nuts)
33
What other white varieties are grown in Dao?
Malvaisa Fina, Bical, Cercial
34
What is the climate of Bairrada?
Maritime
35
What is the most intriguing terroir in Bairrada?
Limestone-clay slopes in the west, good for new plantings of Baga
36
What is the main variety of Bairrada?
Baga
37
Give a tasting note for Baga.
High acid, medium body, red fruit (cranberry, cherry, plum)
38
What changed in the 2018 update to Bairrada Classico Law?
There is no longer a minimum proportion of Baga
39
What is the most planted white variety in Portugal?
Maria Gomes
40
Apart from red and white, what other styles are significant in Bairrada?
Sparkling made from local varieties, Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, and Mateus Rose
41
What is the largest VR in Portugal?
Alentejano
42
What is the DOC for skin contact wines in Alentejano?
Vinho de Talha
43
What is the rainfall in Alentejo like?
800mm in the north, 500mm in the south
44
Name three soil types of Alentejo.
Granite, Schist, Limestone (Clay to sand)
45
What is the highest elevation subregion of Alentejo?
Portalegre (800m)
46
What is the Key Variety of Alentejo?
Aragonez, along with Alicante Bouschet and Trincadeira
47
What is the most planted white variety in Alentejo?
Roupeiro
48
Which varieties are well suited to the hot, dry climate of Alentejo?
Arinto, Roupeiro, Touriga Nacional, Antao Vaz, Trincadeira
49
What is the mountain range influencing Lisboa?
Serra de Montejunto
50
Describe the overall climate of Lisboa.
Wet and windy in the west, dry and warm in the east
51
What styles are produced in the east of Lisboa?
Riper and Fuller-bodied
52
What is the Key variety of Bucelas?
Arinto (75%)
53
Name two DOC's on the coast of Lisboa.
Colares (ramisco, dry), Carcavelos (Fortified)
54
Give one disadvantage of labelling wines with the DOC's of Lisboa.
The DOC's are less recognisable than Lisboa VR
55
Which VR is immediately south of Lisboa?
Peninsula de Setubal
56
Describe a red wine from Palmela.
Min 67% Castelao. Deep coloured, full-bodied, red fruited. Some oak spice.
57
Which VR is inland from Lisboa?
Tejo
58
Historically, where were vines in Tejo planted?
Alluvial soils along the Tejo (Tagus) river
59
What is the overall climate of Tejo?
Mediterranean (750mm rain pa)
60
What's the difference in growing environment between north, central and southern Tejo?
North has higher rainfall and some limestone or schist soils, centre is more fertile alluvial soils, south is hottest and driest with poor sandy soils.
61
Where is the Dão wine region located?
Inland in Portugal, surrounded by mountains.
62
What type of climate characterizes the Dão wine region?
Mediterranean climate.
63
What is the average annual rainfall in the Dão region?
Around 1100mm annually.
64
During which seasons does most precipitation occur in Dão?
Autumn and winter.
65
What are some hazards faced by vineyards in Dão?
Summer hail and spring frosts.
66
What notable issue has affected recent vintages in Dão?
Drought.
67
What is the typical altitude range for vineyards in Dão?
Between 400-500 meters above sea level.
68
What type of soil is predominantly found in Dão?
Weathered granite with sandy or loamy texture.
69
What percentage of the potential vineyard area is planted in the Dão DOC?
About 5%.
70
What types of plantations occupy much of the surrounding land in Dão?
Pine and eucalyptus plantations.
71
What is the average vineyard holding size for growers in Dão?
Less than 0.5 hectares per grower.
72
What percentage of Dão's wine production is red wine?
Approximately 80%.
73
Name three main black grape varieties used in Dão.
* Touriga Nacional * Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo) * Jaen (Mencía)
74
What flavors are typically associated with Jaen grapes?
Moderate acidity, raspberry, and blackberry.
75
What is the key white grape variety for high-quality wines in Dão?
Encruzado.
76
What are some characteristics of Encruzado wine?
Medium to medium+ acidity, full-bodied, lemon and peach fruit, sometimes floral notes.
77
What other white varieties are grown in Dão?
* Malvasia Fina * Bical * Cercial
78
How do Dão wines generally compare to Douro wines?
Less full-bodied and intense, fresher flavors, higher acidity.
79
What is a common practice for aging red wines in Dão?
Aging in oak.
80
What is the trend regarding the use of oak in Dão wine production?
Producers are shifting towards using more old oak.
81
What fermentation technique is sometimes used for Jaen to create fruity styles?
Carbonic maceration.
82
What can Encruzado develop in the bottle?
Nutty characters.
83
What is the typical price range for Dão wines?
Mid-priced to premium price points.
84
Who were early leaders in producing higher quality wines in Dão?
Sogrape.
85
What percentage of Dão wine is typically exported?
Between 15-20%.
86
What is the VR Terras do Dão?
Not commonly used.
87
How can harvest sizes in Dão vary?
Depending on the vintage.

d3 Cards from Notes (22 decks)

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