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Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main grape varieties used in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Burgundy is known for mainly single-varietal wines, primarily pinot and chardonnay.

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2
Q

What is the latitude of Burgundy?

A

47ºN

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3
Q

What is the average annual rainfall in Burgundy?

A

775mm pa

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4
Q

How many regions comprise Burgundy?

A

Five regions: Chablis, Cote d’Or, Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais, and Beaujolais

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5
Q

What is the primary grape variety planted in the Yonne department, including Chablis?

A

Chardonnay (about 80%)

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6
Q

What percentage of Cote d’Or is planted with Pinot Noir?

A

Over 60%

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7
Q

What is the most planted variety in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay (over 15k ha)

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8
Q

What type of climate does Chablis have?

A

Continental Climate

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9
Q

What are the typical flavors found in Chablis wines?

A

Green apple and lemon flavors

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10
Q

What is the historical significance of Chablis in the early 19th century?

A

Its popularity boomed due to its proximity to Paris

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11
Q

What major event caused a decline in Chablis plantings in the 19th century?

A

Building of the Paris-Lyon-Marseille Railway

This made cheaper wines from southern france accessible to the Parisians.

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12
Q

What is the impact of the 1945 frost on Chablis plantings?

A

Reduced Chablis to its lowest planting levels in history (500ha)

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13
Q

What is the current planted area of Chablis?

A

About 5800ha

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14
Q

What are the main soil types found in Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgian and Portlandian limestone

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15
Q

What is the most commonly used rootstock in Chablis?

A

41B (vinifera x berlandieri)

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16
Q

What is the maximum yield for Petit Chablis?

A

75hl/ha

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17
Q

True or False: Chardonnay is the only grape variety allowed in the Chablis appellation.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the difference between Petit Chablis and Chablis wines?

A

Petit Chablis comes from higher, cooler vineyards predominantly with Portlandian limestones; Chablis has larger areas of Kimmeridgian limestone.

Kimmeridgian is known as Terre Blanche in Loire Valley

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19
Q

What does the term ‘lieux-dits’ refer to in Chablis?

A

Specified plot names within larger premier cru vineyards

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20
Q

What is the composition of the Grand Cru vineyard in Chablis?

A

Mix of crumbly marl with good drainage and high clay content

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21
Q

What is the legal limit for chaptalization in Chablis?

A

Up to the legal limit in all but the warmest vintages

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22
Q

What is the primary concern regarding climate for Burgundy’s vineyards?

A

Uncertainty about ripening and marked vintage variation

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23
Q

What methods are used to counter spring frost in vineyards?

A
  • Smudge pots
  • Aspersion
  • Pruning choices
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24
Q

What is the main issue caused by hail during the growing season?

A

Can devastate the crop, sometimes wiping out entire vintages

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25
What is a common practice to manage yield in Burgundy vineyards?
Debudding and green harvesting
26
What are the two popular training methods for vines in Burgundy?
* Double Guyot * Poussard-Guyot
27
What is the typical density of vines planted in Burgundy?
Around 8000-10000 vines per hectare
28
What is the maximum yield for Chablis Grand Cru?
54hl/ha
29
What is the primary grape variety used in Cote d'Or?
Pinot Noir
30
What is the significance of the Morvan Hills in Burgundy?
Provides shelter from rain coming in from the Atlantic
31
What is the typical rainfall in the Cote d'Or?
Around 700mm
32
What are the main concerns regarding rainfall during the growing season?
* Disrupting flowering and fruitset * Increasing threats of fungal diseases * Dilution of grapes before harvest
33
What is the effect of soil depth on vine support in Burgundy?
Erosion can leave the site unable to support vines
34
What are the two grape varieties historically planted in Cote Chalonnaise?
* Aligote * Gamay
35
What does 'massale selection' refer to in grape growing?
Choosing to plant via a mix of clones for diversity and disease resistance
36
What is a common symptom of Pinot Noir in Burgundy due to climate?
Susceptibility to spring frosts
37
What is the typical flavor profile of red Burgundy wines?
Strawberry, raspberry, red cherry flavors
38
What is the primary method of grape sorting in Burgundy winemaking?
Sorting tables
39
What is the maximum enrichment limit for white winemaking in Burgundy?
1.5-2%
40
What is the main goal of the L’Union des Grands Crus de Chablis?
Promote the quality of Chablis Grand Cru
41
What is the impact of early and late harvest on wine?
Early harvest preserves acidity but sacrifices ripeness; late harvest leads to softer wine style but raises weather concerns.
42
How is most fruit harvested in Burgundy?
Almost all fruit is picked by hand.
43
What is permitted but rarely practiced in white winemaking?
Acidification.
44
What is Chaptalisation and when is it likely to be used?
Chaptalisation is the addition of sugar to increase alcohol content, more likely used in recent warm vintages.
45
What is the maximum enrichment allowed in Burgundy wines?
1.5-2%.
46
What process is commonly used to clarify the must for top white wines?
Sedimentation.
47
What are cheaper wines often clarified with?
Egg whites, depth filtration.
48
What is hyperoxidation used for in winemaking?
To oxidise and remove unstable compounds from the final wine.
49
What type of yeast is more common in high-quality fermentation?
Wild yeast.
50
What fermentation temperature is typically maintained for cheaper and mid-priced wines?
16-18 degrees Celsius.
51
What cask size is standard for Burgundy wines?
228L piece.
52
What process is common to reduce reductive flavours in white winemaking?
Battonage.
53
What is the goal of handling Pinot Noir in red winemaking?
To maintain primary fruit and avoid overwhelming delicate flavors with new oak.
54
What is cold soaking, and why is it used?
Cold soaking is used to extract maximum color from thin-skinned varieties.
55
What is the typical maceration period for more concentrated wines?
Up to 3 weeks.
56
What is the classification system for Burgundy wines based on?
Soil, aspect, and microclimate.
57
What percentage of Burgundy is classified as Grand Cru?
Approximately 1%.
58
What are the key villages of Cotes de Nuits?
* Gevrey Chambertin * Morey Saint Denis * Chambolle Musigny * Vougeot * Vosne Romanee * Nuits St George
59
What type of wines are predominantly produced in the Cote Chalonnaise?
More red than white.
60
What is unique about Bouzeron wine?
Must be 100% Aligoté.
61
What is the pyramid of quality in the Maconnais?
Macon, then Macon Village, then Macon with named villages.
62
What is the primary wine style produced in Pouilly-Fuisse?
White wines.
63
What is the impact of winemaking decisions on wine style?
Decisions like destemming, use of new oak, and battonage significantly affect style.
64
What has changed in Burgundy's market structure since the 1980s?
A move towards domaine bottling.
65
Who are the main types of organizations in Burgundy?
* Growers * Domaines * Negociants * Micro negociants * Co-operatives
66
What law influences the organization of wine producers in Burgundy?
Napoleonic law, where each child is entitled to an equal share of inheritance.
67
What is the significance of land prices in Burgundy?
Land prices are among the highest in the world due to high demand and small production volumes.
68
What is the largest export market for Burgundy wines?
USA, UK, and Canada.
69
What is the relationship between domaine and appellation in Burgundy pricing?
Both are important drivers of price.
70
True or False: Burgundy produces more wine than Bordeaux.
False.

d3 Cards from Notes (22 decks)

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