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d3 Cards from Notes > Varieties, Soils, Vineyards of Germany > Flashcards

Varieties, Soils, Vineyards of Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What portion of German vineyards are Riesling?

A

25%

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2
Q

How much of the world’s Riesling is made in Germany?

A

40%

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3
Q

Which wine institutes were established in the 19th/20th century?

A

Geisenheim and Julius-Kuhn Institut

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4
Q

What style was most produced after the end of WW2?

A

High volume, inexpensive wines based on hybrids (Müller-Thurgau) and other high-yielding varieties (Sylvaner)

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5
Q

What was the key aspect of the German wine law passed in 1971?

A

Enforce minimum ripeness, measured through must weights

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6
Q

What is the latitude of German regions?

A

49-50ºN

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7
Q

What is the most southerly region of Germany?

A

Baden (48ºN)

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8
Q

How steep are the vineyards of Mosel?

A

Up to 70%

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9
Q

Name two ways of reducing the risk of frost in Germany.

A
  • Planting on slopes
  • Near rivers
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10
Q

Being continental, when does the rain fall for most German regions?

A

In the summer

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11
Q

Are autumns rainy or dry in Germany?

A

Dry, good for late harvest

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12
Q

What generates the humidity needed for botrytis styles?

A

The warm air rising off the rivers

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13
Q

What is the normal altitude for plantings in Germany? Why?

A

Up to 200 masl, as the whole country is far north and has cool summers

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14
Q

Name 4 regions known for calcareous soils.

A
  • Baden
  • Pfalz
  • Rheinhessen
  • Franken
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15
Q

Which region is known for Sylvaner?

A

Franken

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16
Q

What is the normal yield for Deutscherwein and Landwein?

A

150 hl/ha

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17
Q

What viticultural development has led to more consistent ripeness?

A
  • Better clones (especially for black varieties)
  • Summer pruning
  • Green harvesting
  • Selective hand harvesting
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18
Q

What portion of German vineyards are black varieties?

A

32%

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19
Q

What are the four most planted varieties?

A
  • Riesling
  • Spätburgunder
  • Müller-Thurgau
  • Grauburgunder
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20
Q

Give 5 notes on Müller-Thurgau (Rivaner).

A
  • Created in 1880s
  • Earlier ripening than Riesling
  • Can produce high yields in almost all conditions
  • Lower acid than Riesling
  • Simple floral and fruity notes
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21
Q

What is the most significant black crossing of Germany?

A

Dornfelder (Helfensteiner/Heroldrebe)

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22
Q

What is the most planted black variety in Pfalz and Rheinhessen?

A

Dornfelder (Helfensteiner/Heroldrebe)

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23
Q

Where are the best sites for Chardonnay in Germany?

A

Southern Pfalz and Kaiserstuhl (Baden)

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24
Q

What is a synonym for Lemberger?

A

Blaufränkisch

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25
Most of Germany falls into which EU zone?
Zone A, which allows for up to 3% enrichment
26
Which German region falls into zone 2?
Baden, which allows for enrichment up to 2% ABV
27
Which 3 white varieties are likely to see new oak?
* Grauburgunder * Weißburgunder * Chardonnay
28
What is the effect of adding Süßreserve?
Sweetens the wine, but reduces ABV
29
How is fermentation stopped?
Through racking, filtering, or SO2
30
Which category permits the addition of RCGM?
Deutscherwein
31
How do producers stop fermentation of Beerenauslese and higher Öchsle wines?
Fermentation dies naturally due to combination of high sugar and a little alcohol
32
What is normal ABV for Beerenauslese and higher Öchsle wines?
5.5-8%
33
High quality Spätburgunder will see what winemaking methods?
* Cold soaking * Whole bunch ferment * Oak ageing
34
Deutscherwein and Landwein must meet which 2 criteria?
* Made from German grapes * Between 8.5% and 15% ABV
35
Landwein must meet what 3 criteria?
* 85% from given PGI * 8.5% to 15% ABV * Most regions permit only trocken or halbtrocken
36
What is indicated by the AP number on Qualitätswein?
Where/when the wine was tested, vineyard location, bottler's specific lot number
37
What are the Öchsle for the Prädikatswein categories?
* Kabinett: 70-85 * Spätlese: 76-95 * Auslese: 83-105 * Beerenauslese: 110-128 * Eiswein: 110-128 * TBA: 150-154
38
When is Eiswein harvested?
Between November and February
39
At what temperature may German Eiswein be picked?
Below -7ºC
40
What is the sweetness range for German wines?
* Trocken <4g * Halbtrocken 4-12g * Lieblich 12-45g * Süß >45g
41
Which categories may be labelled with Grosslage and Einzellage?
Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein
42
Where is most Liebfraumilch made?
In Rheinhessen and Pfalz
43
What are the tiers of VDP classified wines?
* Gutswein * Ortswein * Erste Lage * Große Lage
44
When was the VDP established?
1910
45
What are the max yields for the 4 tiers of VDP wines?
* 75 hl/ha (Gutswein and Ortswein) * 60 hl/ha (Erste Lage) * 50 hl/ha (Große Lage)
46
Describe the 2021 changes to the German wine laws.
A tiered classification of quality, similar to the VDP system: Anbaugebiet, Region, Ortswein, Einzellage, single vineyards (either Erste Gewächs or Große Gewächs)
47
What is Rotliegend?
Iron-rich soil (clay, slate, and sandstone) giving smoky characters to the Rieslings
48
What is the climate of Rheinhessen?
Warm and dry
49
What is the mountain range close to Rheinhessen?
Hunsrück and Taunus
50
Which famous wine style originated in Rheinhessen?
Liebfraumilch (Worms)
51
What is the colloquial term for the cluster of top vineyards in Rheinhessen?
Rheinterrasse
52
Give two geographical features of Pfalz.
* Haardt Mountains (west) * Rhine Plains (East)
53
Haardt Mountains are a continuation of which mountain range?
Vosges
54
What are the 4 most planted varieties in Pfalz?
* Riesling * Müller-Thurgau * Grauburgunder * Weißburgunder
55
What is the difference between wines from Rheinhessen and Pfalz?
Pfalz wines are riper and fuller bodied
56
What is the most planted black variety in Pfalz?
Dornfelder
57
Where are the best sites in Pfalz?
Mittelhaardt, on the south or east facing slopes. Good sun exposure, protected from wind, on a mix of limestone, sandstone, basalt, and clay
58
Which area of Pfalz is historically best suited to high volume production?
Südliche Weinstrasse (fertile sandstone soils)
59
Which two mountain ranges have the greatest influence on Baden?
* Vosges (across the Rhine) * Swiss Alps
60
What is the most planted variety in Baden?
Spätburgunder
61
What portion of production from Baden is thanks to Co-ops?
75%
62
Which Anbaugebiet in Germany is best known for Lemberger?
Württemberg
63
Which is the largest section of the Mosel?
Middle Mosel
64
Which area of Mosel has some flatter vineyards?
The area around Piesport
65
What are the two tributaries of the Mosel?
* Saar * Ruwer
66
Sylvaner buds when and ripens when?
Early and early
67
Nahe is between which two regions?
Mosel and Rheinhessen
68
Give two effects of the Rhine in Rheingau.
* Very wide (1km), reducing frost risk * Creating mist for noble rot
69
What allows Ahr to produce quality black grapes?
Steep, south facing slopes on black slate and dark sandstone (greywacke)
70
What is the most common vineyard size in Germany?
Less than 3 ha
71
What are the most planted 2 varieties in Franken?
* Müller-Thurgau * Sylvaner
72
How do Sylvaner avoid frost risk in Franken?
It's planted on slopes where the cool air can drain
73
What does top level Sylvaner taste like?
Full bodied, floral with wet stones
74
Describe the landscape of Nahe.
Large area with relatively few vineyards, giving a range of soils and growing conditions. Protected by Hunsrück Mountains, resulting in a more mild, dry climate.
75
Compare the profile of wines from Nahe with wines from Mosel and Rheinhessen.
Nahe is a little warmer, so the wines stylistically sit between Mosel and Rheinhessen.
76
Rheingau is protected from the North by which mountain range?
Taunus
77
Which part of Rheingau has loess?
Hochheim in the east
78
Give four regions which are largely planted on slopes.
* Baden * Mosel * Ahr * Rheingau
79
How much of German wine is produced by co-ops?
30%

d3 Cards from Notes (22 decks)

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