d3 Cards from Notes > Greece > Flashcards

Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the latitude range for Greece’s viticulture?

A

34-42ºN

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2
Q

What type of climate characterizes Greece’s viticulture?

A

Generally Mediterranean, with long hot summers and short, mild winters

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3
Q

What is a common issue in Northern Greece during spring?

A

Spring frost

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4
Q

How does altitude affect vineyards in Greece?

A

Many of the best vineyards are planted at altitude to moderate temperatures

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5
Q

What effect do strong onshore winds have on vineyards in the Cyclades Islands?

A

They can stop photosynthesis, interrupt flowering and berry-set, delay ripening, and can destroy unprotected vines.

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6
Q

What is the average rainfall in most wine-producing regions of Greece?

A

400-700mm

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7
Q

What is a common issue faced by vineyards in Greece due to climate?

A

Water stress

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8
Q

What types of soils are found in Greece?

A

Limestone, volcanic, gravel

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9
Q

What percentage of vineyards in Greece are dedicated to wine production?

A

Approximately 59.5% (64900 ha out of 109000 ha)

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10
Q

What is the average size of vineyards in Greece?

A

Just 0.5 hectares

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11
Q

How has Greek viticulture evolved since the 1980s?

A

Modernization began after Greece joined the EU, with increased access to funding and expertise.

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12
Q

What is a unique vineyard management practice in Santorini?

A

Vines are woven into baskets called Stefani

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13
Q

What percentage of grape plantings in Greece are indigenous varieties?

A

90%

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14
Q

What has influenced the introduction of international grape varieties to Greece?

A

Demand for these wines in the domestic market and concerns over foreign customer preferences

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15
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in Greece?

A

Roditis

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of Assyrtiko grape?

A

High acidity, adaptability, and can produce lusciously sweet wines

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17
Q

True or False: Xinomavro is often compared to Nebbiolo.

A

True

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18
Q

What is Retsina and how has its production changed?

A

Retsina is a traditional resin-flavored wine; its production has improved with better winemaking techniques.

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19
Q

What does PDO stand for in the context of Greek wine regulations?

A

Prostatevmeni Onomasia Proelefsis

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20
Q

How many PDOs are there in Greece?

A

33 PDOs

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21
Q

What is the Greek equivalent of PGI?

A

PGE (Prostatevmeni Geografiki Endiksi)

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22
Q

What are the main wine regions in Greece?

A

Macedonia, Naoussa, Amynteo, Peloponnese, Nemea

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23
Q

In which region is the PDO Naoussa located?

A

South eastern slopes of Mount Vermio

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24
Q

What grape is exclusively used in Nemea PDO wines?

A

Agiorgitiko

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25
Fill in the blank: The majority of Greek vineyards are managed using _______.
handwork
26
What is a significant challenge for vineyards located close to lakes in Amynteo?
Higher humidity increases the chance of rot
27
What are the characteristics of wines produced in Amynteo?
Lighter-bodied, lower tannin wines with floral notes
28
What is the primary grape variety used in the production of Retsina?
Savatiano
29
What is the significance of the 1981 date for Greek viticulture?
Greece joined the EU and gained access to funding
30
What is the trend regarding the use of new oak in winemaking in Greece?
New oak usage is more judicious than in the past
31
How has the perception of Malagousia grape changed?
It has quickly established a reputation for quality wines
32
What is Nemea PDO known for?
Only for red wines, made from 100% Agiorgitiko ## Footnote Nemea PDO wines can be dry or sweet, although sweet wines are rare.
33
Which producers are known as top producers in Nemea?
Gaia and Tselepos
34
What is the impact of rainfall in Nemea?
Rain falls mostly in autumn and winter, significantly varying year to year (400-900mmpa) ## Footnote This impacts yields and quality, depending on soil composition.
35
How is Nemea divided based on altitude?
Into three zones: * Lowest zone (250m to 400m) - hottest and most fertile * Middle zone (450m to 650m) - best for quality wines * Highest zone (650m to 1000m) - struggles for Agiorgitiko ripening
36
What characteristics do wines from the lowest zone of Nemea have?
Grapes ripen easily, generally made into cheap wines, and some high-quality sweet wines
37
What are the characteristics of wines from the middle zone of Nemea?
Best for quality wines, poor soils limit yields, cooler days slow sugar accumulation
38
What is the highest zone in Nemea known for?
Struggles for Agiorgitiko ripening, used mostly for rosé production ## Footnote Some producers are exploring this area for fresh red wines with high acidity.
39
What type of wines are produced in Mantinia?
Whites that are fresh with high acidity, low to medium alcohol ## Footnote They have medium body, floral, and slightly spicy aromas.
40
What is the significance of Santorini in Greek winemaking?
Most lauded winemaking region in Greece, especially on the export market ## Footnote Known for dry and sweet PDO wines made mostly from Assyrtiko.
41
What geological event shaped Santorini's current landscape?
Last eruption around 1500 BCE, leading to a central crater known as a caldera
42
What is the training method used for vines in Santorini?
Training low to the ground in a basket shape ## Footnote This complex work requires about four times the amount of labor as traditional trellis systems.
43
What is the moisture source for vineyards in Santorini?
Fog rising from the caldera every morning, trapped by the stefani
44
What is the maximum permitted yield for PDO Santorini?
Highest permitted yields in Greece, but in practice as low as 15hl/ha
45
What are the characteristics of dry Assyrtiko wines from Santorini?
High acid, medium-high alcohol, sharply smoky, alongside fruit aromas
46
What is Vinsanto and how is it made?
Made from late-harvest grapes sundried for up to two weeks ## Footnote Must be aged in oak for at least two years.
47
What are the flavor notes of Vinsanto?
Raisins, coffee, and chocolate
48
What challenges does the Greek wine business face regarding exports?
Getting consumers acquainted with their varieties, language and alphabet obstacles
49
What percentage of Greek wine was exported in 2021?
11%
50
Which countries are key markets for higher-quality Greek wines?
Germany, USA, and Canada
51
What has been a significant trend in Greek wine production in recent years?
A rise in companies marketing and selling their own wines
52
What is the estimated number of wineries in Greece?
More than 1000 wineries
53
What is the reputation of Greek co-ops established in the 1920s?
Known for producing a lot of Greece’s wine but also for poor quality
54
What type of wines are most commonly produced in the Aegean islands?
Sweet wines and still wines ## Footnote Islands like Samos and Lemnos are known for their muscats.
55
What are the key grapes of Thrace?
Roditis, Limnio ## Footnote Thrace is known for its unique grape varieties, particularly Roditis and Limnio.
56
Which key grape is associated with Macedonia?
Xinomavro ## Footnote Xinomavro is a prominent grape variety in Macedonia.
57
What grape is primarily grown in Epirus?
Debina ## Footnote Debina is the key grape variety in the Epirus region.
58
Which grape is significant in Thessalia?
Xinomavro ## Footnote Xinomavro is also important in Thessalia alongside its prominence in Macedonia.
59
What is the key grape variety in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)?
Savatiano ## Footnote Savatiano is a key grape variety in Central Greece.
60
Name the key grape varieties found in the Peloponnese region.
Agiorghitiko, Moschofilero ## Footnote The Peloponnese is known for Agiorghitiko and Moschofilero grape varieties.
61
What are the key grapes of the Ionian Islands?
Robola, Tsaoussi ## Footnote Robola and Tsaoussi are important grape varieties in the Ionian Islands.
62
Which grape varieties are notable in the Aegean Islands?
Athiri, Mandelaria, Muscat, Assyrtico ## Footnote The Aegean Islands feature a diverse range of grapes including Athiri and Muscat.
63
What grapes are significant in Crete?
Vidiano, Vilana, Liatiko, Kotsifali ## Footnote Crete is known for several grape varieties, including Vidiano and Kotsifali.
64
What are the 8 PDO's of the Aegean Islands?
Santorini PDO Paros PDO Rhodes PDO Lemnos PDO Samos PDO Muscat of Rhodes PDO Muscat of Lemnos PDO Malvasia Paros PDO
65
What are the PDO of Macedonia (4)
Amynteo PDO Goumenissa PDO Naoussa PDO Slopes of Meliton PDO
66
Slopes of Meliton is a monopole PDO of which producer?
Domaine Carras
67

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