Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dental Neuroscience > autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

somatic nervous system

A

part of the nervous system that innervates skeletal (voluntary) muscle
- motor system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of nervous system that innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and secretory glands (sweat, digestive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what kind of movement is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?

A

involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

stabilize the internal environment (homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

another name for ANS

A

visceral motor system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what transmitter is at neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

synapse with skeletal muscle

A
  • motor neuron attaches to muscle via motor end plate
  • formation of neuromuscular junction
  • regular neuron signaling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

synapse with smooth muscle

A
  • autonomic nerve over smooth muscle
  • synaptic cleft is larger
  • does not actually attach with anything
  • neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft “en passant” (in passing)
  • less pressure, more diffusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

preganglionic neurons are

A
  • myelinated
  • B fiber (not alpha motor neurons)
  • cholinergic (use acetylcholine as transmitter)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

postganglionic neurons

A
  • unmyelinated
  • C fiber (unmyelinated - Schwann cells don’t wrap around)
  • cholinergic or noradrenergic (neurotransmitters = acetylcholine, noradrenaline, or norepinephrine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characteristics of the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • thoraco-lumbar (T1-L2) nerves
  • utilizes energy in an emotion, high energy situation (inc. heart rate)
  • noradrenergic
  • short pre-ganglions (near spinal cord)
  • long post-ganglionic
  • capable of diffuse discharge (mass discharge - fight or flight)
  • full activation at once
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

characteristics of the parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • cranio-sacral
  • energy conservation (digestive, glands, relaxation)
  • cholinergic
  • long pre-ganglions
  • short post-ganglions
  • discrete discharge (not connected, individual)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why are sweat glands an exception to sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways?

A

they utilized cholinergic (instead of noradrenergic) sympathetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

in general how does the enteric nervous system work?

A
  • sensory fibers
  • motor neurons stimulate muscles, glands, network of ganglia
  • influence by sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

enteric nervous system is located where?

A

in walls of GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

enteric nervous system innervates what?

A

smooth muscle and glands of GI tract

18
Q

what is the enteric nervous system?

A

a division of the autonomic nervous system that has its own reflex circuits (NS for the guts)
- there are as many neurons in the gut as there are in the spinal cord

19
Q

function of the enteric nervous system

A
  • regulate motility and secretion in the GI tract
  • receive inputs from the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
20
Q

patterns of discharge

A
  1. tonic discharge
  2. mass discharge
21
Q

what does the ANS maintain?

A

blood pressure and body temperature

22
Q

adrenal medulla is part of

A

sympathetic NS

23
Q

effects of adrenal medullary hormones

A
  • increase blood glucose
  • mobilization of fat
  • increased alertness
24
Q

types of interactions between sympathetic and parasympathetic NS

A
  1. antagonistic interactions
  2. cooperative interactions
  3. single innervation
25
Q

antagonistic interaction involves…

A
  • heart rate
  • bronchiolar smooth muscle
  • gastro-intestinal tract
  • pupil dilation
  • one NS will act, the other will react to balance
26
Q

cooperative interactions involve…

A
  • salivary glands
  • genitalia
  • both systems work together
27
Q

single innervation involves…

A
  • blood vessels
  • kidney
  • sweat glands
  • adrenal medulla
  • receive signal of only one NS innervation
28
Q

autonomic nervous system pathway

A
  • signal is sent to the intermediate horn
  • presynaptic signal travels through the ventral horn/ventral root
  • synapses at DRG with 2nd neuron
  • postsynaptic neuron travels to viscera (like stomach, etc.)
  • cell bodies are in the intermediate horn
29
Q

somatic nervous system pathway

A
  • signal is sent to ventral horn
  • cell bodies are located in ventral horn (alpha motor neurons)
  • signal is sent from ventral horn to the muscle fibers
30
Q

characteristics of SNS (compared to ANS)

A
  • cell bodies are located in anterior horn (ventral horn)
  • alpha motor neurons
  • neurotransmitter utilized is acetylcholine
  • voluntary signals and movements
  • excitatory signaling of skeletal muscle (DOES NOT INHIBIT)
31
Q

characteristics of ANS (compared to SNS)

A
  • cells bodies are located in the intermediate horn
  • have pre and post-ganglionic neurons
  • controls involuntary movement
  • can be excitatory or inhibitory (I.e. increase heart rate or decrease heart rate)
32
Q

paravertebral ganglia

A

a chain of ganglia that runs parallel with the vertebral column

33
Q

ganglionic order (pathway)

A
  • pre-ganglionic neurons go from lateral horn into the ventral root
  • exits the root and enters the chain via white ramus (myelinated B fibers)
  • goes into ganglion
  • synapses with post-ganglionic neuron
  • post-ganglionic neuron sends axon out gray ramus (unmyelinated C fibers)
  • post-ganglionic neuron joins the spinal nerve and goes to target
34
Q

sympathetic NS pre-ganglion neurotransmitter = _______

A

acetylcholine

35
Q

sympathetic NS post-ganglion neurotransmitter = _______

A

norepinephrine

36
Q

parasympathetic NS pre-ganglion and post-ganglion neurotransmitter = _______

A

acetylcholine

37
Q

examples of what sympathetic NS impacts

A
  • pupils
  • salivary glands
  • heart
  • bronchi of lungs
  • liver
  • stomach
  • small intestines
  • adrenal glands
  • kidney
  • large intestine
  • rectum
  • bladder
  • genitals
  • skin
  • sweat glands
38
Q

examples of what parasympathetic NS impacts

A
  • eye
  • salivary glands
  • bronchi of lungs
  • heart
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • bladder
  • genitals
39
Q

tonic discharge

A

discharge all the time (constant)

40
Q

mass discharge

A

full activation of everything (AKA sympatho-adrenal reaction)

41
Q

example of mass discharge

A
  • fight or flight
  • seeing or getting bit by a shark
42
Q

pathway of adrenal medulla

A
  • sympatho-adrenal reaction (short pre-ganglion)
  • ACh neurotransmitter synapse at adrenal medulla
  • post-ganglion = secretory cells of norepinephrine and epinephrine to blood vessels

Dental Neuroscience (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions