cerebellum

Question 1

cerebellum functions

Answer 1

• maintains balance and posture
• coordination of voluntary movements
• motor learning
• cognitive functions (?)

Question 2

the cerebellum helps provide…

Answer 2

• coordination
• balance
• smooth body movement

Question 3

feedback control of cerebellum

Answer 3

• information about the motor command coming from motor cortex goes to the cerebellum as the movement is progress
• there is feedback information coming from periphery (muscle spindles, skin surface, muscles, tendons, joints, etc.) about the movement to cerebellum
• cerebellum compares motor command to the periphery (what is intended vs the surrounding)
• cerebellum sends info to VA and VL
• VA and VL help control the motor cortex involved in descending tracts

Question 4

folia

Answer 4

striations or tiny gyri of the cerebellum
= “leaf”

Question 5

fissures of cerebellum

Answer 5

• primary
• posterolateral

Question 6

primary fissure

Answer 6

separates anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum

Question 7

posterolateral fissure

Answer 7

separates flocculonodular lobe from posterior lobe

Question 8

the posterior lobe of the cerebellum is the

Answer 8

largest

Question 9

nodulus is AKA

Answer 9

flocculonodule lobe

Question 10

lobes of cerebellum

Answer 10

• anterior
• posterior
• flocculonodular

Question 11

flocculonodular lobe

Answer 11

floccular = lateral
nodular = central

Question 12

vermis

Answer 12

Question 13

areas of lobes

Answer 13

• vermis = central
• hemispheres = lateral

Question 14

divisions of cerebellum

Answer 14

• vestibulo (archicerebellum)
• spino (paleocerebellum)
• cerebro (neocerebellum)

Question 15

vestibulocerebellum

Answer 15

= flocculonodular lobe
- position in space
- in large animals like sharks
- most ancient

Question 16

spinocerebellum

Answer 16

• gets feedback info from the spinal cord about limb position form the spinocerebellar tract
• vermis and anterior lobe of cerebellum

Question 17

cerebrocerebellum

Answer 17

• sophisticated control of movement
• feed-forward
• most highly developed
• prominent in humans
• most direct feedback from cerebrum

Question 18

histology of the cerebellum

Answer 18

• surface = grey matter
• inside = white matter

Question 19

grey matter includes:

Answer 19

• granular layer
• purkinje cell layer
• molecular layer

Question 20

granular layer contains

Answer 20

granule cells
# granular cells in cerebellum = # of granular cells in rest of brain

Question 21

purkinje layer contains

Answer 21

single layer of purkinje cells

Question 22

molecular layer contains

Answer 22

dendrites and axons

Question 23

purkinje cells

Answer 23

• complex structure
• dendrites are organized in one plane
• lots of branching

Question 24

cerebellar cortex circuitry

Answer 24

• granule cells receive info from pontine nuclei (mostly)
• synapse on granule cells
• axons go up into molecular layer
• parallel fibers (like telephone wires going through dendritic tree of purkinje cells)

Question 25

deep cerebellar nuclei are located

Answer 25

- in white matter of cerebellum

Question 26

deep cerebellar nuclei include

Answer 26

- fastigial nucleus - into spinocerebllum - dentate nucleus - into cerebrocerebellum - interposed nuclei - into vestibulocerebellum

Question 27

cerebellar circuitry

Answer 27

- purkinje cells have inhibitory output to the deep cerebellar nuclei - deep cerebellar nuclei signal to VA and VL

Question 28

feedback within the lobes of cerebellum

Answer 28

(page 39 of old scribe notes for more info)

Question 29

pontine nuclei get info from the

Answer 29

motor track - then go to opposite cerebellar peduncle - then to cerebellum

Question 30

cerebellar lesions can cause

Answer 30

- loss of balance - ataxia - decomposition of movement - dysdiadochokinesis - intention tremor - dysmetria - dysarthria - nystagmus - hypotonia

Question 31

ataxia

Answer 31

- uncoordinated walking (gait) - like a drunken walk

Question 32

decomposition of movement

Answer 32

- lack of coordination of shoulder and elbow joint

Question 33

dysdiadochokinesis

Answer 33

- patient is asked to flip hand rapidly - cannot do so

Question 34

intention tremor

Answer 34

- test: close eyes touch your nose - in patients, they have a strange path due to tremor of movement and overshoot the location

Question 35

dysmetria

Answer 35

trouble reaching a target

Question 36

dysarthria

Answer 36

trouble controlling muscles of speech

Question 37

nystagmus

Answer 37

oscillation of the eyes

Question 38

hypotonia

Answer 38

decreased muscle tone

Question 39

lesions in different areas and the disorders caused by lesion of that location

Answer 39

Question 40

vestibulocerebellum lesion causes

Answer 40

- loss of balance - vertigo - nystagmus

Question 41

spinocerebellum lesion causes

Answer 41

- intention tremor - dysmetria - ataxia

Question 42

cerebrocerebellum lesion causes

Answer 42

- decomposition of movement