Autonomics

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

Neural pathways by which the CNS controls smooth muscle/cardiac muscle/glandular secretions – is purely motor

Question 2

Preganglion neuron

Answer 2

1st neuron from the initial signal, that is always in the CNS, axon synapses with spinal or cranial nerves

Question 3

Postganglion neuron

Answer 3

2nd neuron, almost always in a ganglion, innervates the target tissue

Question 4

Acetylcholine

Answer 4

Found in both sympathetic/parasympathetic preG Found in only the parasympathetic postG

Question 5

Norepinephrine

Answer 5

Found in the sympathetic postG

Question 6

Sympathetic

Answer 6

“fight or flight”, function together to create widespread system mobilization

Question 7

Sympathetic Preganglion nerves

Answer 7

Found in the lateral gray horns, usually short in length, all leave via ventral roots, always enter via the white rami, aka Thoracolumbar division

Question 8

Sympathetic postganglion nerves

Answer 8

Long in length, reenter the spinal nerve via the gray rami if going to the limb

Question 9

Cervical Sympathetic Chain Ganglion

Answer 9

PostGs that pass over the vertebral/carotid arteries to reach head/neck target organs

Question 10

3 areas of sympathetic ganglion

Answer 10

Sympathetic trunk, pre-aortic ganglia, pelvic plexus

Question 11

Sympathetic Trunk

Answer 11

25 interconnected ganglia adjacent to each side of the vertebral column, Only 3 in cervical

Question 12

PreAortic Ganglia

Answer 12

3 found at the major abdominal arteries

Question 13

Pelvic Plexus

Answer 13

1 paired set found adjacent to the rectum and vagina

Question 14

Possible PreGanglion/PostGanglion synapsing

Answer 14

1. Synapse on same level in trunk
2. Synapse inferiorly/superiorly
3. Enter/exit without synapsing, form separate nerves

Question 15

Sympathetic nerves in the abdomen

Answer 15

Form into the splanchnic nerves without synapsing in the trunk, synapses with the preaortic or pelvis ganglia

Question 16

Great thoracic splanchnic nerve

Answer 16

Emerges from T5-T9 area, synapses with celiac ganglion, postGs pass long the artery surface to reach the target organs

Question 17

Parasympathetic

Answer 17

“Rest and digest”, restore/conserve energy, have more precise control over specific targets, act more slowly/gradually

Question 18

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

Answer 18

Found in the brainstem and S2-S4, aka the craniosacral division

Question 19

Parasympathetic postganglions

Answer 19

Usually found near the tissue they innervate

Question 20

Cranial nerve III

Answer 20

• Oculomotor
• Controls pupil constriction/focus of the eye
• Parasympathetic

Question 21

Cranial nerve VII

Answer 21

• Facial nerve
• Controls lacrimal/muscosal/salivary gland secretion
• parasympathetic

Question 22

Cranial nerve IX

Answer 22

• Glossopharyngeal
• Control parotid salivary secretion
• parasympathetic

Question 23

Cranial Nerve X

Answer 23

• Vagus nerve
• Controls the heart and GI (via transverse colon), organs for thorax and abdomen
• PreGs are in the motor nucleus of cranial nerve X
• PostGs are terminal/intramural ganglion

Question 24

Terminal/Intramural Ganglion

Answer 24

Ganglion that are close to or on the surface of the target organ

Question 25

Visceral Afferents v. Visceral Sensory

Answer 25

Concious sensation (VS) so can feel pain/pressure

VA evokes reflexes, but are not felt

Question 26

Referred pain

Answer 26

Due to visceral sensory organs traveling along the same nerve path as the somatic nerves, so any signals sent from the visceral sensory organs may be interpreted along the same dermatome