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Anatomy > Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Coronal plane

A

divides the anterior and posterior

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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the left from right side

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides superior from inferior

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4
Q

Palmer

A

anterior hand (palm)

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5
Q

Dorsal

A

posterior hand

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6
Q

Ipsilateral

A

same side as structure

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7
Q

Contralateral

A

opposite side of a structure

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8
Q

Axial skeletal system

A

Cranium, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum

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9
Q

Appendicular system

A

limbs and girdles

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10
Q

Periosteum

A

_Connective tissue covering the external bone surface _Tendons of muscles intermingle with this tissue to unite muscles to the bones

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11
Q

Suture joint

A

_Fibrous joint _Between bones of the skull

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12
Q

Syndesmosis

A

_Fibrous joint _Bones connected by a sheet of dense connective tissue

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13
Q

Gomphosis

A

_Fibrous joint _Tooth root joined by cartilage, no cavity present

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14
Q

Synchondrosis

A

_joined by hyaline cartilage _i.e. growth plates, costochondral junction

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15
Q

Symphysis

A

_joined by fibrocartilage _i.e. intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

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16
Q

Synovial joints

A

_fluid-filled joint cavity _increases flexibility b/t hyaline covered articular surfaces

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17
Q

Diarthoses

A

Permitting free motion in a joint (all synovial joints)

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18
Q

Parts of a synovial joint

A

_Articular cartilage _Joint cavity _Articular capsule _Synovial fluid _Ligaments _Articular discs

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19
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Mainly hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bone heads

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20
Q

Joint cavity

A

Fluid filled space between articular surfaces

21
Q

Articular capsule

A

Outer layer of fibrous tissue that is continuous with the periosteum of related bones/inner synovial membrane

22
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Viscous fluid produced by synovial membranes

23
Q

Extracapsular ligament

A

Ligament that supports the capsule

24
Q

Intracapsular ligament

A

Ligament that supports the inside of the capsule

25
Q

Articular discs

A

_Improve articular surface interactions _Absorb forces

26
Q

Plane joint

A

_2 flat surfaces _grinding/sliding movements

27
Q

Hinge joint

A

_Cylinder end fits into a trough end _Best for uniaxial movement

28
Q

Pivot joint

A

_Cylinder end fits into a ring of bone with fibrous support tissue _Allows for rotation _Atlantoaxial joint

29
Q

Condyloid joint

A

_ Egg shaped surface with concave surface _ Biaxial movements of flexion/extension & abduction/adduction

30
Q

Saddle joint

A

_Saddle-shaped convex & concave surfaces _Biaxial movements

31
Q

Ball and Socket joint

A

Sphere in a concave socket yielding multiaxial movement

32
Q

Arterial anastomosis

A

Matrix of interconnected arteries that allow for continual blood flow when joint is in extreme positions

33
Q

Hilton’s Law

A

Joint is innervated by the branch of nerves that innervates the muscle that moves that joint

34
Q

Superficial fascia

A

_Deep to the dermis _Allows for freer movement of skin over deeper structures

35
Q

Deep fascia

A

_Dense,connective tissue found deep to the superficial fascia _Intermuscular septa to compartmentalize similarly functioning/innervated muscle groups _Extensions form muscle bundles

36
Q

Retinacula

A

Thickened deep fascia near joints that act as pulleys for tendons

37
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary, striated

38
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary, non-striated

39
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, branched/striated

40
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone

41
Q

Tendon sheath

A

Serous membrane that encloses a tendon with synovial fluid on the inside to reduce friction

42
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Wide, flattened tendinous sheet that forms attaching structure for various muscle groups

43
Q

Agonist

A

Main muscle that produces movement

44
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the primary mover to create smooth movement

45
Q

Fixator

A

Isometrically contracts to stabilize the origin of the primary mover

46
Q

Synergist

A

Assists the primary mover either by providing similar forces or adjusts the system to modify the action

47
Q

Tributaries

A

Where veins join together

48
Q

Afferent/Sensory NS

A

Bring info to the CNS (Afferent accesses CNS)

49
Q

Efferent/motor

A

Takes info away from the CNS (Efferent exits CNS)

Anatomy (35 decks)

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