Axial Skeleton Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Greek meaning of skeleton?
A
Dried up body
2
Q
Functions of skeletal system?
A
- Support
- Protect
- Movement
- Storage
- Blood Cell Production
3
Q
Components of skeletal system
A
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Tendons
- Ligaments
4
Q
Reduce friction and model for bone formation?
A
Cartilage
5
Q
Attach muscle to bone?
A
Tendons
6
Q
Attach bone to bone?
A
Ligaments
7
Q
Bone forming cells
A
Osteoblasts
8
Q
Bone destroying cells
A
Osteoclasts
9
Q
Process of reabsorbing minerals of the bone matrix.
A
Resorption
10
Q
Removal of existing bones by osteoclasts and formation of new bones by osteoblasts.
A
Bone remodelling
11
Q
Repair of damaged bones by formation of a callus which is replaced by bone?
A
Bone repair.
12
Q
Formation of bone by osteoblasts?
A
Ossification
13
Q
Two types of ossification?
A
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
14
Q
Bone formation within connective tissue membranes?
A
Intramembranous Ossification
15
Q
Bone formation inside cartilage.
A
Endochondral Ossification
16
Q
Number of bones in adult skeleton?
A
206
17
Q
2 divisions of skeleton?
A
Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton
18
Q
Number of bones that make up the axial skeleton?
A
80
19
Q
Number of bones that make up the appendicular skeleton?
A
126
20
Q
Components of the appendicular skeleton?
A
Shoulder Girdle Pelvic Girdle
21
Q
Number of cranial bones?
A
8
22
Q
Number of facial bones?
A
14
23
Q
Regions of the vertebra?
A
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
24
Q
How many bones are in the cervical spine?
A
7
25
How many bones are in the thoracic spine?
12
26
How many bones are in the lumbar spine?
5
27
How many bones make up a fused sacrum?
5
28
How many bones make up a fused coccyx?
3-5
29
How many ear ossicle bones do we have?
6
30
How many ribs do we have?
24
31
What are the ear ossicles?
Malleus, Stapes, Incus
32
Smallest bone in the body?
Stapes
33
Largest bone in the body
Femur
34
What are the four classification of bones?
*
* Long
*
* Short
*
* Flat
*
* Irregular
35
Membrane that surrounds long bones?
Periosteum
36
Cartilage which covers articulating surfaces of long bones?
Hyaline Cartilage
37
Alternative name for Hyaline Cartilage?
Articular Cartilage
38
Consists of a body and 2 ends?
Long bone
39
Type of bone only found in appendicular skeleton?
Long bones.
40
Cube shaped and mostly spongy bone?
Short bone.
41
Type of bone only found in the wrist and ankles?
Short bones
42
Flat, thin and curved with a layer of spongy bone in between a layer of compact bone.
Flat bones
43
Bones which do not fit any other classification.
Irregular bones
44
Shaft of long bones.
Diaphysis
45
Ends of long bones?
Epiphysis
46
Two types of bone?
Compact and Spongy
47
Alternative name for compact bone?
Cortical Bone
48
Dense closely knit bone which is made up of haversian systems under the periosteum.
Compact bone
49
Porous and loosly knit bone usually under compact bone?
Spongy bone
50
Alternative name for spongy bone?
Cancellous Bone.
51
Central cavity which houses marrow?
Marrow Cavity
52
Alternative name for marrow cavity?
Medullary cavity
53
Two types of bone marrow?
Red and Yellow
54
Marrow which form red blood cells and some white blood cells?
Red Bone Marrow
55
Marrow which forms adipose tissue?
Yellow Bone Marrow
56
Mnemonic for fractures?
Simple Compresions fractures Compound Spiraling Depression Impacting Comminuted Greensticks
57
Fracture where bone breaks cleanly without penetrating skin?
Simple Fracture
58
Alternative name for simple fracture?
Closed Fracture
59
Fracture where bone breaks and ends protrude through tissue of the skin.
Compound fracture
60
Alternative name for compound fractures.
Open fractures
61
Fracture where bone breaks into fragments.
Comminuted Fractures
62
Fracture where bone is crushed
Compression Fractures
63
Fracture where bone is pressed inward when fractured?
Depression fracture
64
Fracture where broken bone ends are forced into each other.
Impacted Fracture
65
Fracture where bone breaks due to excessive twisting?
Spiral Fracture
66
Fracture where bone breaks incompletely
Greenstick Fracture
67
What make up the axial skeleton?
*
* Skull
*
* Hyoid Bone
*
* Vertebral Column
*
* Thoracic Cage.
68
How many bones does the skull have?
22
69
Bones that encloses and protects the brain?
Cranium
70
Alternative name for facial region?
Visceral Cranium
71
Bone of the skull at the side and base of the cranium?
Sphenoid.
72
Name the saddle shaped portion of the sphenoid?
Sella turcica
73
What organ does the Sella Turcica protect?
Pituitary Gland
74
Part of the nasal roof and is the passageway for nerves and forms the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid Bone
75
Top of the head is also known as?
Vertex
76
Line from glabella to external acoustic meatus?
Glabellomeatal Line
77
Line drawn from the canthus to the external acoustic meatus?
Orbitomeatal Line
78
Line drawn from the acanthion to the external acoustic meatus?
Acanthiomeatal line
79
A line drawn from the mental point to the external acoustic meatus.
Mentomeatal Line
80
Line from infraorbital ride to the external acoustic meatus.
Infra-orbitomeatal line
81
Line drawn across the pupils.
Interpupillary Line
82
Line drawn from the glabella downwards
Glabelloalveolar Line
83
Reduce weight of the skull and allows the voice to resonate.
Sinus
84
Enumerate the 4 Sinuses
*
* Maxillary Sinuses
*
* Frontal Sinuses
*
* Ethmoid Sinuses
*
* Sphenoid Sinuses
85
U shaped bone located above the voice box, only bone that does not articulate to other bones.
Hyoid Bone.
86
Anchors tongue and attaches to muscles.
Hyoid Bone.
87
Fibrocartilage which lay inbetween vertebrae.
Intervertebral disk.
88
Which part of the spine curves towards the anterior of the body.
Cervical and Lumbar
89
Which part of the spine curves posteriorly
Thoracic and Sacral.
90
Humpbacks
Kyphosis
91
Swayback
Lordosis.
92
Posterior part of the vertebral arch.
Laminae
93
Anterior part of the the vertebrae?
Vertebral Body
94
Sides of the vertebral arch?
Pedicle
95
Opening formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notch?
Intervertebral Foramina
96
Does the yes motion
Atlas
97
Does the no motion
Axis
98
Dens is also known as?
Odontoid Process
99
Extra long spinous process?
Vertebra Prominens
100
Double pointed spinous process
Bifid.
101
Alternative name for sternum
Body or Gladiolus
102
Number of true ribs
7
103
Number of false ribs
5
104
Number of hanging ribs
2
105
Cartilage which connects ribs to sternum
Costal cartilage
106
Alternative name for the sternum?
Breastbone
107
Name the four sinuses
Maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus.
108
Attachment of auricle to body?
Top of ear attachment.
109
Cartilaginous flap of the ear?
Auricle
110
Small flap of cartilage which covers the ear?
Tragus
111
Alternative name for compact bone?
Cortex
112
System which makes up compact bones?
Haversian sysmtem
113
Largest sinus?
Maxillary Sinus
114
Alternative name for maxillary sinus?
Antrum of Highmore.
