Urinary System Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
System that rids waste produced by the body.
A
Urinary System
2
Q
Term used to include both the urinary and reproductive organs?
A
Genitourinary
3
Q
Alternative name for genitourinary?
A
Urogenital
4
Q
Parts of the Urinary system?
A
- Kidney
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
5
Q
Excretory organ of the urinary system?
A
Kidneys
6
Q
Pipelines to the urinary bladder.
A
Ureters
7
Q
Reservoir for urine?
A
Bladder
8
Q
Waste pipe of the urinary system that leads outside?
A
Urethra.
9
Q
Blood vessels of the urinary system?
A
Right and Left Renal Arteries
Right and Left Renal Veins
Vesical Arteries
Vesical Veins
10
Q
Supply blood to the kidney?
A
Renal arteries
11
Q
Drain blood from the kidneys?
A
Renal vein
12
Q
Supply blood to the bladder?
A
Vesical arteries
13
Q
Drain blood from the bladder?
A
Vesical veins
14
Q
Medical terms for kidney?
A
ren and nephros
15
Q
reddish brown bean shaped organ behind the peritoneum?
A
Kidney
16
Q
Primary organ of excretion in the body?
A
Kidney
17
Q
Alternative name for urination?
A
Micturition
18
Q
Length of female urethra?
A
1-1.5 inches
19
Q
Length of male urethra?
A
7-8 inches.
20
Q
Thin muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder and conveys it out of the body?
A
Urethra.
21
Q
Sphincter that encircles urethra providing voluntary control of urinization?
A
Urethral sphincter.
22
Q
Capacity of urinary bladder?
A
500-1000mL.
23
Q
Smooth muscular layer lining the urinary bladder?
A
Detrusor Muscle.
24
Q
Smooth muscle sphincter at the junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra?
A
Internal urethral sphincter.
25
3 openings of the urinary bladder?
```
Internal urethral orifice (1)
Urethral Opening (2)
```
26
Triangular region of the bladder base outlined by the urinary bladder openings?
Trigone.
27
Common site for infection in the urinary bladder.
Trigone.
28
Location of urinary bladder in males?
Anterior to rectum.
29
Location of urinary bladder in females?
Anterior to the vagina and uterus.
30
Smooth collapsible muscular sac that stores urine?
Urinary bladder.
31
3 layers of the ureter.
Outer Layer
Inner Layer
Middle Layer
32
Alternative name for outer layer of ureters?
Fibrous coat
33
Alternative name for middle layer of ureters?
Muscular coat.
34
Alternative name for inner layer of ureters?
Mucous coat.
35
Slender tubes that convey urine from the kidney to the bladder by peristalsis and gravity?
Ureters.
36
How does urine move down ureters?
Peristalsis and gravity.
37
Measurement of ureters?
10-12 inches.
38
Renal arteries are at right angles to what region?
Abdominal Aorta.
39
How much fluid does the kidney filter each day?
200 Litres a day
40
Function of the kidney?
Regulation composition, volume, removing toxins, metabolic waste, excess ions and pH of extra cellular fluid
41
Process that supply glucose during fasting?
Gluconeogenesis
42
Enzyme that helps produce and regulate blood pressure and kidney function?
Renin.
43
Where is renin produced in the kidney?
Juxtaglomerular cells.
44
another name for adrenal glands
Suprarenal glands
45
Hormone which stimulates red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin.
46
Chemicals produced in the kidney?
Gluconeogenesis
Renin
Erythropoietin
Vitamin D
47
Landmark of kidneys
T12 and L3
48
Which kidney is higher?
Left kidney
49
How many centimeters higher is the other kidney?
1.5-2 cm.
50
Weight of an adult kidney?
150 g
51
Dimensions of an adult kidney?
12 cm long, 6 cm wide, 3 cm thick.
52
Cleft found on the medial surface of the kidney that leads into the renal sinus?
Renal hilus
53
Space within the kidney?
Renal sinus.
54
Gland that lies on top of the kidneys?
Adrenal gland.
55
What structures enters the renal hilus?
Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
56
What are the three layers of supportive tissue found around the kidney?
Renal capsule
Perirenal fat
Renal facia
57
Adheres directly to the kidney surface and isolates it from surrounding region?
Renal capsule
58
Attaches the kidney to posterior body wall and cushions it against trauma?
Adipose capsule
59
Adipose capsule is also known as?
Perirenal or perinephric fat.
60
Dense fibrous connective tissue which surrounds the kidney and anchors these organs to surrounding structures?
Renal Fascia
61
3 regions of the kidney?
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Pelvis
62
Most superficial region of the kidney which is light in colour and has a granular appearance?
Renal cortex
63
Deep in the renal cortex which is darker and exhibits cone shaped masses?
Renal medulla
64
Cone shaped masses found within the renal medulla?
Medullary Pyramids
65
Alternative name for medullary pyramids?
Renal Pyramids.
66
Parts of renal pyramid?
Base and apex
67
Alternative name for apex of renal pyramid?
Renal Papilla
68
Inward extensions of cortical tissue which separate each of the renal pyramids?
Renal columns.
69
Found within the renal sinus which acts as a flat funnel that continues to the ureter, leaving the hilus.
Renal pelvis.
70
2 to 3 short tubes into which the renal pelvis divides?
Major Calyces
71
Small cups which each major calyx divides (in kidney)?
Minor calyces
72
Structural and functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
73
2 major parts of a nephron?
Renal Corpuscle
| Renal Tubule.
74
Where filtration occurs
Renal corpuscle
75
Parts of renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus
| Glomerular Capsule
76
Alternative name for glomerular capsule?
Bowman's Capsule
77
Cells that line the glomerular capsule?
Podocytes
78
Blood vessel that supplies the renal corpuscles with blood?
Afferent arterioles
79
Blood vessel that drains the renal corpuscle?
Efferent arteriole
80
The renal tubule consists of?
Proximal Convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
81
Alternative name for loop of Henle
Loop of Nephron
82
Structure formed where distal convoluted tubule comes in contact with afferent arteriole?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
83
3 processes in urine formation?
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
84
Blood pressure forces plasma, dissolved substances and small proteins out of the glomeruli, into the Bowman's capsule.
Glomerular filtration
85
What is plasma and dissolved substances called when it leaves glomeruli to the Bowman's capsule?
Renal filtrate
86
Where does renal filtrate go after the Bowman's capsule?
Renal tubule
87
During this process most of the nutrients, water and essential ions are reclaimed from the filtrate, and returned to the blood via surrounding connective tissue capillaries?
Tubular reabsorption.
88
How many percent is reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?
99%
89
Undesirable molecules move into the tubule from the peritubular capillaries of the the kidney?
Tubular secretion
90
Flow of renal filtrate?
Renal Corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
91
How much blood is delivered to the kidneys in a minute?
1,200 mL
92
Blood flow path of kidney?
Renal artery - Segmental Artery - Interlobar Artery - Arcuate Artery - Interlobular Artery - Afferent arterioles - Efferent arterioles - Peritubular Capillaries - Vasa recta - Interlobular vein - Arcuate Vein - Interlobar Vein
93
Artery which is at right angles from abdominal aorta which supplies blood to the kidney?
Renal arteries
94
Renal arteries are at right angles to?
Abdominal Aorta
95
Renal artery divides into?
5 Segmental arteries
96
Artery which enters the kidney between the renal pyramids?
Interlobar Artery
97
Arteries which Pass out towards the kidneys surface?
Interlobular artery
98
Arch of blood vessels over the bases of the pyramid?
Arcuate artery
99
Unite to form the smallest vein, surrounding the renal tubule?
Peritubular capillaries
