Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Where does respiration start?
A
Nose
2
Q
Hollow space behind the nose?
A
Nasal Cavity
3
Q
External opening of the nose?
A
Nostrils
4
Q
Alternative name for nostrils?
A
Nares
5
Q
Hairs found inside nostrils?
A
Cilia
6
Q
Two groups of respiratory tract?
A
- Upper Respiratory Tract
* Lower Respiratory Tract
7
Q
Consists of parts outside the chest cavity?
A
Upper Respiratory tract.
8
Q
Consists of parts found within the chest cavity?
A
Lower Respiratory Tract.
9
Q
Function of nasal cavity?
A
- Warm
- Moisten
- Filter
10
Q
Lies posterior to nasal cavity, oral and larynx.
A
Pharynx.
11
Q
Length of Pharynx?
A
5 inches.
12
Q
Function of pharynx?
A
Common passageway for food and air.
13
Q
Divisions of pharynx?
A
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
14
Q
Alternative name for Larynx?
A
Voice box
15
Q
Enlargement of airways at the top of trachea, below pharynx?
A
Larynx.
16
Q
How many cartilage surround the larynx?
A
9
17
Q
Largest cartilage in larynx?
A
Thyroid Cartilage
18
Q
Upper most cartilage in larynx?
A
Epiglottic Cartilage
19
Q
Alternative name for Laryngeal Prominence?
A
Adam’s Apple.
20
Q
Alternative name for Adam’s Apple?
A
Laryngeal Prominence.
21
Q
Trachea is also known as?
A
Wind Pipe.
22
Q
Diameter of trachea?
A
2.5cm
23
Q
Length of trachea?
A
10-13cm.
24
Q
Landmarks of trachea?
A
C6 to T4
25
How many catilage rings does the trachea have?
20
26
Shape of cartilage in trachea?
C shape
27
What lies posterior to trachea?
Esophagus.
28
Parts of bronchial tree?
* Primary Bronchi
* Secondary Bronchi
* Tertiary Bronchi
* Bronchioles
29
Branched airways leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs?
Bronchial tree.
30
Alternative name for primary bronchi?
Principal Bronchi
31
Alternative name for secondary bronchi?
Lobar Bronchi
32
Alternative name for tertiary bronchi?
Segmental Bronchi
33
Trachea divides into?
Left and Right Primary Bronchi
34
Ridge separating the openings of the right and left principal bronchi?
Carina.
35
Bronchus which is wider, shorter and almost vertical, where foreign objects tend to get lodged?
Right Bronchus.
36
More horizontal bronchus, displaced by heart?
Left Bronchus.
37
Formed by the division of the smallest bronchi?
Bronchioles
38
Name of smallest bronchioles?
Respiratory Bronchioles.
39
Alternative name for respiratory bronchioles?
Terminal Bronchioles.
40
Small air sacs where gas exchange occurs?
Alveoli.
41
Alveoli are lined with what type of cells?
Thin Epithelium.
42
Two cells that line alveoli.
* Type 1 Alveolar Cells
| * Type 2 Alveolar Cells.
43
Function of Type 1 Alveolar Cells?
Thin for gas exchange.
44
Function of Type 2 Alveolar Cells?
Secret Surfactant.
45
Purpose of Lung Surfactant?
Reduce surface tension, keeping lungs open.
46
Alveoli are surrounded by?
Pulmonary Capillaries.
47
Soft Spongy, cone shaped organ which is the principal organ of respiration?
Lungs
48
Shape of lungs?
Cone shaped.
49
Membrane on the surface of the lungs?
Visceral pleura.
50
Membrane that lines the chest wall?
Parietal Pleura.
51
Space around each lung?
Pleural Cavity.
52
Upper blunt pointed end that reaches one inch above clavicle?
Apex.
53
Broad lower end that rests upon the upper surface of diaphragm?
Base.
54
Depression or indentation on the medial surface of each lung where structures enter or leave the lung.
Hilum.
55
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
56
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
57
What are the 3 left lobes of the lungs?
* Right Superior Lobe
* Right Middle Lobe
* Right Inferior Lobe
58
What is the tongue shaped projection in the upper lobe of the left lung?
Lingula
59
Name the 2 left lobes of the lung?
* Left Superior Lobe
| * Right Superior Lobe
60
Which lung has a cardiac notch?
Left Lung.
61
Narrow grooves or slits that divide the lungs into lobes?
Fissures.
62
Name the fissures.
* Oblique Fissure
| * Horizontal Fissure
63
Segments which form the structural unit of the lungs?
Pulmonary segments.
64
How many pulmonary segments are there on the right lung?
10
65
How many pulmonary segments are there on the left lung?
9
66
How many litres of air do you breathe every minute?
6 Litres.
67
Movement of air from outside to inside of the body?
Breathing
68
Alternative name for breathing?
Ventilation
69
Movement of air into lungs?
Inspiration
70
Movement of air out of the lungs?
Expiration
71
Alternative name for inspiration?
Inhalation.
72
Alternative name for Expiration?
Exhalation.
73
Muscles for Inspiration?
* Diaphragm
* External Intercostal
* Scalenes
* Sternocleidomastoid.
74
Muscles for expiration?
Internal Intercostal
75
When thoracic cavity volume increases, pressure?
Decreases
76
When thoracic cavity volume decreases, pressure?
Increases
77
Air flows from?
High to low pressure.
78
When diaphragm descends and rib cage expands?
Inhalation
79
What happens to volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation?
Volume increases.
80
What happens to pressure when inhaling?
Pressure decreases.
81
Volume of air that is breathed in or out during normal inspiration/expiration?
Tidal Volume
82
Extra volume of air that can be inspired?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume.
83
Volume of air that can be expelled from lungs (normal).
Expiratory Reserve Volume.
84
Amount of air following a forced expiration which cannot be expelled?
Residual Volume.
85
Sum of IRV, ERV and Tidal volume?
Vital Capacity.
86
Vital capacity plus residual volume?
Total Lung capacity.
