Reproductive System Flashcards
(165 cards)
1
Q
Puberty starts at what age?
A
10-14
2
Q
Reproductive organs are known as?
A
Genitals
3
Q
Reproductive cells are know as?
A
Gametes
4
Q
Glands that produce gametes?
A
Gonads
5
Q
Two types of gonads?
A
- Testes
* Ovaries
6
Q
Male gamete?
A
Sperm
7
Q
Female gamete?
A
egg cell
8
Q
Alternative name for egg cell?
A
- Ovum
* Oocyte
9
Q
A fertilized ovum?
A
Zygote
10
Q
Process which organisms produce offspring?
A
Sexual reproduction.
11
Q
Union of female ovum and male spermatozoon, the beginning of an embryo.
A
Fertilization
12
Q
Ability to produce offspring by a sperm uniting with an ovum?
A
Fertility
13
Q
Medical term for sexual intercourse?
A
Coitus.
14
Q
Primary sex organ for males?
A
Testes
15
Q
Ducts of the male reproductive system?
A
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Urethra
16
Q
Accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
A
- Seminal Vesicle
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral Gland
17
Q
Supporting structures of the male reproductive system?
A
- Penis
* Scrotum
18
Q
Other terms for testis?
A
- Testicles
* Orchis
19
Q
Dimensions of testis?
A
- 4cm long
* 2.5cm wide
20
Q
Surrounds each testis and divides into 250 lobules?
A
Tunica Albuginea
21
Q
Where spermatogenesis occurs
A
Seminiferous Tubules
22
Q
Two cells which exist within seminiferous tubules?
A
- Spermatogenic Cells
* Interstitial Cells
23
Q
Alternative name for Interstitial cells of the seminiferous tubules?
A
Leydig Cells
24
Q
Cells which give rise to sperm cells?
A
spermatogenic cells
25
Cells which produce and secrete male sex hormones?
Interstitial Cells
26
Tiny tadpole shaped cells?
Sperm Cells
27
Length of sperm cell?
0.06mm Long
28
Parts of sperm cell?
* Head
* Midpiece
* Tail
29
Found in the head of sperm cells?
Acrosome
30
Contains enzymes that are released during fertilization, it aids in sperm penetration of egg cell.
Acrosome.
31
Part of sperm which contains mitochondria
Midpiece
32
Alternative name for tail of sperm?
Flagellum
33
Formation of sperm?
Spermatogenesis.
34
Process of spermatogenesis?
* Spermatogonia
* Primary Spermatocytes
* Secondary Spermatocytes
* Spermatid
* Sperm Cells
35
Comma shaped structure on the posterior side of the testis?
Epididymis
36
Length of epididymis?
20 Ft
37
Union of several ducts which originate from the seminiferous tubules?
Epididymis.
38
Site for temporary storage and maturation of immature sperm cells?
Epididymis.
39
Maturation time frame of sperm cells in epididymis?
20 Days.
40
Alternative name for Vas Deferens?
* Ductus Deferens
| * Wolffian Duct
41
Contains the vas deferens, testicular arteries and veins and the lymphatics and nerves for the testis?
Spermatic Cord
42
Formed by the union of the duct of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens?
Ejaculatory Duct
43
Conveys the spermatozoa and the secretions of the seminal vesicle to the prostatic urethra?
Ejaculatory Duct
44
Shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary system?
Urethra.
45
Passageway for both semen and urine?
Urethra
46
3 Regions of the urethra?
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy Urethra
47
Alternative name for spongy urethra?
Penile Urethra
48
Urethra which passes through prostate?
Prostatic Urethra
49
Urethra which passes through floor of pelvis?
Membranous Urethra
50
Urethra which extends the length of the penis?
Spongy Uretha
51
Located at the base of the bladder and produces 60% of semen volume?
Seminal Vesicle
52
How much semen volume does the seminal vesicle produce?
60%
53
Contents of seminal vesicle secretion?
Thick yellowish fluid which contains Fructose and Vitamin C
54
Gland that is the size and shape of a chestnut?
Prostate
55
Secretes a milky fluid which activates the sperm?
Prostate gland
56
Alternative name for bulbourethral gland?
Cowper's Gland
57
Tiny glands inferior to prostate?
Bulbourethral glands
58
Produce a thick clear mucus that drains into the penile urethra?
Bulbourethral glands.
59
Produces fluid which clenses the urethra and acts as a lubricant during sexual intercourse for men?
Bulbourethral glands.
60
A milky white substance which is a mixture of sperm and gland secretions?
Semen
61
Secretion percent make up of semen?
60% seminal vesicle
30% Prostate Glands
5% Bulbourethral glands
5% testes contribution
62
Optimum pH for sperm?
6.0-6.5
63
pH of vagina?
3.5 - 4.0
64
Normal volume of sperm?
2-5mL
65
Normal amount of sperm per mL?
100 million
66
Pathway of sperm?
* Sperm develop (seminiferous Tubules)
* Mature in Epididymis
* Ductus Deferens
* Secretions from Seminal vesicles, prostate glands and bulbourethral glands
* Exit through urethra.
67
Sac like structure which holds testes?
Scrotum
68
Function of scrotum?
* Protection
| * Temperature Regulation
69
Parts of the scrotum which mark the partition between the two testes?
Raphe - Outside
| Septum - Inside
70
Two muscles which regulate testest temperature?
* Dartos
| * Cremaster
71
Male organ of copulation?
Penis
72
Length of penis?
6 inches
73
Parts of the penis?
Root
| Body
74
Tissue which gets filled with blood which causes penile erection?
Erectile Tissue
75
Two cylinders of erectile tissue that occupy lateral and upper parts of the penis?
Corpora Cavernosa
76
Singular cylinder of erectile tissue centrally located, extends from membranous urethra to end of penis?
Corpora Spongiosum
77
Enlargement at the distal end of the corpora spongiosum, it covers the end of the corpora cavernosa and bears the urethral opening?
Glans Penis
78
Alternative name for foreskin?
Prepuce
79
Loose fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised penis?
foreskin
80
Surgical removal of prepuce?
Circumcision
81
Chemical which dilates the arteries leading to the penis?
Vasodilator Nitric Oxide
82
Engorgement of the penile blood sinuses under sexual excitation?
Erection
83
Culmination of sexual stimulation, pleasure felt during physiological and psychological release?
Orgasm
84
Movement of sperm cells from the testes and and secretions from the prostate glade and seminal vesicles to the urethra
Emission
85
Process of forcing the release of semen.
Ejaculation
86
Major male hormone secreted by the testes?
Testosterone.
87
Enumerate the secondary sexual characteristics for men?
* Skin texture
* Fat Distribution
* Skeletal muscle growth
* Larynx changes
88
Fold of peritoneum that covers the floor of female pelvis, it serves as mesentery that holds the uterus, ovaries and uterine tubes.
Broad Ligament
89
Two regions of the pelvis.
* Anterior
| * Posterior
90
The posterior region of the pelvis contains?
Rectum
91
The anterior region of the pelvis contains?
Bladder
92
What are the 3 divisions of the broad ligament of the uterus?
* Mesometrium
* Mesovarium
* Mesosalpinx
93
Primary female sex organ?
Ovaries
94
Internal reproductive system parts of the female?
* Uterine Tubes
* Uterus
* Vagina
95
External reproductive system parts of the female?
* Labia Majora
* Labia Minora
* Clitoris
* Vestibular Glands
96
Produce eggs/ova, estrogen and progesterone?
Ovaries.
97
Size and shape of an ovary?
Almond
98
Alternative name for egg cell?
Ova
99
Formation of egg cell?
Oogenesis.
100
Cells from which oocytes develop?
Oogonia
101
Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles?
Follicle Stimulating Hormones
102
Secrete estrogen for maturation of ovum?
Follicles
103
Expulsion of ripe ovum into pelvic cavity?
Ovulation
104
Forms after Graafian follicle expels ovum?
Corpus Luteum
105
Part of the ovary which produces progesterone.
Corpus Luteum
106
Remnant of corpus luteum?
Corpus Albicans
107
Females are born with how many oogonia?
2 million
108
How many oogonia are left at puberty?
300,000 - 400,000
109
What sweeps oocytes from ovary to uterine tubes?
Fimbriae
110
Where does zygote implant itself?
Uterus
111
Union of sperm and oocyte?
Fertilization.
112
How long after fertilization does it take for an embryo to form?
3-14 days
113
Time span of an embryo?
14-56 days
114
How long does an embryo turn into a fetus?
56 days after fertilization
115
How long does an oocyte live for?
24 hours.
116
Alternative name for uterine tubes?
* Oviduct
| * Fallopian Tube
117
Receives ovulated oocyte and provides a site where fertilization occurs?
Fallopian tube
118
Length of fallopian tube?
10cm
119
Finger like projections of uterine tube which hold the ovaries?
Fimbrae
120
Three parts of the uterine tubes?
* Infundibulum
* Ampulla
* Isthmus
121
Funnel shaped portion of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
122
Widest portion of the uterine tubes?
Ampulla
123
Medial, short, narrow and thick walled portion of the uterine tubes?
Isthmus
124
Located between urinary bladder and rectum?
Uterus
125
Hollow organ that receives, retains and nourishes fertilized egg?
Uterus
126
Shape and size of uterus of a a woman who has never been pregnant?
Pear
127
What suspends the uterus?
Broad Ligament.
128
Walls of the uterus
* Endometrium
* Myometrium
* Perimetrium
129
Inner most wall of uterus?
Endometrium
130
Middle muscular wall of uterus?
Myometrium
131
Outer serosal layer of uterus?
Perimetrium
132
Parts of the uterus?
* Fundus
* Body
* Cervix
133
Dome shaped portion of the uterus superior to uterine tubes?
Fundus
134
Inferior narrow part of the uterus which is an outlet that protrudes into the vagina?
Cervix.
135
Thin walled tube which lies between the bladder and rectum. It is the female organ of copulation?
Vagina
136
Length of vagina?
3.6 Inches
137
Vascular sheath covering vaginal orifice that ruptures during first intercourse
Hymen
138
Functions of vagina?
* Accommodate penis
* Passage for menstrual discharge
* Forms Birth Canal
139
Fatty rounded area overlying symphysis pubis. Covered with hair?
Mons pubis
140
Hair covered skin folds running posteriorly from the mons pubis, enclosing labia minora?
Labia Majora
141
Delicate hair free folds that enclose the vestibule?
Labia minora.
142
Small rounded prominence at the anterior end of the vulva between labia minora.
Clitoris
143
Area between the medial margin of the labia minora and clitoris. Perforated by external urethral opening and vaginal opening?
Vestibule
144
Alternative name for vestibular glands?
Bartholin's Gland
145
Glands found on the floor of vestibule which lubricate the vagina during intercourse?
Vestibular glands.
146
When is a normal female receptive to fertilization?
14 days after first bleed
147
What part of the uterus changes cyclicly during menstruation?
Endometrium.
148
Hormones involved in menstruation
* Follicle Stimulating Hormone
* Leutinizing Hormone
* Estrogen
* Progesterone
149
Typical menstrual cycle length?
28 Days
150
Phases of menstruation.
* Menstrual phase
* Follicular Phase
* Luteal Phase
151
First day of bleeding.
Start of Menstrual Phase
152
Menstrual phase that Follicle Stimulating Hormone causes follicles to grow and estrogen causes lining of uterus to grow and thicken.
Follicular Phase
153
When does ovulation occur?
14 days after first day of bleeding.
154
Menstrual phase where Corpus luteum begins to secrete progesterone which stimulates further growth in endometrium.
Luteal Phase
155
Discharge of blood and lining membrane of uterus about every 28 days.
Menstruation
156
1st episode of menstrual bleeding
Menarche
157
Cessation of periodic menstruation.
Menopause
158
When does menopause set in?
45-50
159
Small rounded prominence that extends out from breast at its center?
Nipple
160
Circular area of skin surrounding the base of the nipple.
Areola
161
15 to 20 small tubes that pass from lobes to open upon the surface of the nipple. Stores milk.
Lactiferous ducts.
162
Parts of the mammary gland
* Lobes
* Lobules
* Alveolar Glands
163
Larger divisions of the breast, made up of many secreting lobules.
Lobes
164
Small secreting units of the breast.
Lobules.
165
Produce and secrete milk in the breast.
Alveolar Glands
