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Host and Defense COPY > B Cell-Mediated Immunity - German 2017 - From Cutler > Flashcards

B Cell-Mediated Immunity - German 2017 - From Cutler Flashcards

1
Q

If you can not form T cell immune synapses, which of the following immune functions would you anticipate to be disrupted?A) T cell activationB) B cell activationC) CD8 T cell targetingD) All of the aboveE) None of the above

A

-D) All of the above- Because the B cell is activated by TFH cells and the others are T cells that need immune synapses to be activated

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2
Q

After you have positive selection with B cells what are the next three steps of B cells?

A
  • Search for infection
  • Finding infection
  • Attacking infection
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3
Q

What two types of effector cells do B cells become?

A
  • Memory Cells

- Plasma cells

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4
Q

B cells mature within and migrate through what types of tissues?

A

-Secondary lymphoid tissues

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5
Q

B cells are presented antigen where?

A

-In lymph nodes

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6
Q

What do the follicular dendritic cells and the macrophages do with intact antigens?

A

-Capture them and present them in the B cell areas in the lymphoid tissue

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7
Q

What does activation of B cells drive within the B cell?

A

-Clonal expansion
-Class switching-
-Somatic hypermutation
(These processes require T cells)

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8
Q

What presents antigen to B cells coming into the lymphoid tissue?

A
  • Macrophages

- Follicular Dendritic cells

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9
Q

What are stromal cells involved in B cell development and activation?

A

-Follicular dendritic cells

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10
Q

Do follicular dendritic cells have phagocytic activity?

A

-No

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11
Q

How do follicular dendritic cells accumulate antigens?

A

-Via complement receptors

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12
Q

What are the two antigen types that can activate B cells?

A
  • Thymus-dependent antigen

- Thymus-independent antigen

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13
Q

What 2 things are thymus-dependent antigens that activate B cells? What cell is required for B cell activation with these kind of antigens?

A
  • Protein
  • Protein associated antigen
  • TFH cell interaction required
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14
Q

What two things are involved with thymus-independent antigen to activate B cells?

A
  • PRR-detected antigen

- Complement-bound antigen

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15
Q

What are three signals needed for B cell activation?

A
  • Antibody Crosslinking through IgD (activation)
  • Co-receptor signaling (survival and proliferation)
  • Cytokines (differentiation and class switching)
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16
Q

What does antibody crosslinking do for B cells?

A

-Activation

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17
Q

What does co-receptor signaling do for B cells?

A

-Survival and proliferation

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18
Q

What do cytokines do for B cells in activation?

A

-Differentiation -Class switching-SHM (Somatic Hypermutation)

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19
Q

What does crosslinking of B cells involve?

A
  • B cell receptor

- Antigen

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20
Q

How does the B cell know that the antibody is bound to an antigen?

A
  • You get clustering and aggregation
  • Iga and Igbeta signaling
  • ITAM phosphorylation and signal recruitment
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21
Q

How does the B cell ensure that the antigen is pathogenic?

A
  • Co-receptors
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22
Q

What prevents anergy in B cells?

A

-Co-receptor signaling

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23
Q

What allows the B cell to distinguish between foreign or self antigen?

A

-Co-receptor signaling

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24
Q

If a B cell binds a pathogen but doesn’t bind a co-receptor signal what type of pathogen is it? What is the result?

A

-Self antigen

result is anergy

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25
Q

What initiates clonal expansion for B cells?

A

-Co-receptor signaling

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26
Q

What are B cell co-receptor complex molecules?

A

-CR2-CD19-CD81-Complement

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27
Q

What cells are the most common source of cytokines during B cell activation?

A

-TFH cells

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28
Q

What provides signals in the absence of T cell-mediated activation?

A

-Local cytokines

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29
Q

What does somatic hypermutation due for antibodies?

A

-Increase antibody speficficity

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30
Q

Once B cells are differentiated what do they become?

A

-Plasma cells-Memory B cells

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31
Q

What drives B cells activation, proliferation, enhanced specificity, and differentiation into plasma and memory cells?

A

-TFH

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32
Q

TFH activation of B cells typically yields a larger population of what types of cels?

A
  • Plasma cells

- Memory B cells

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33
Q

What does CD40 induce for B cells?

A

-Survival and proliferation

34
Q

Where does isotype switching primarily occur at?

A

-Germinal centers

35
Q

T/F B cells can present antigen to TFH cells

A

True

36
Q

What type of antibody does the cognate pair form during the primary focus?

A

-IgM (To prevent pathogens from moving systemically)

37
Q

When cognate pairs move to the secondary focus what do they form?

A

-Germinal centers

38
Q

Does primary or secondary focus allow class switching and somatic hypermutation?

A

-Secondary focus

39
Q

What do cognate pairs first form?

A

-Centroblasts

40
Q

What do centroblasts create?

A

-Centrocytes

41
Q

Do centroblasts or centrocytes do class switching?

A

-Centroblasts

42
Q

Do centroblasts or centrocytes form the light zone in germinal centers?

A

-Centrocytes

43
Q

T/F Both centroblasts and centrocytes can do somatic hypermutation

A

False-Only centroblasts

44
Q

What improves antibody specificity ?

A

-Class switching and Somatic hypermutation

45
Q

What antibody regions changes in class switching?

A

-Fc region of heavy chain

46
Q

T/F Class switching is cytokine induced

A

True

47
Q

T/F Somatic hypermutation produces new epitope binding regions

A

True

48
Q

What increases antibody affinity?

A

-Somatic Hypermutation

49
Q

What do follicular dendritic cells select for?

A

-High-affinity centrocytes

50
Q

What have centrocytes undergone by the time dendritic cells are selecting for high affinity centrocytes?

A

-First round of somatic hypermutation

51
Q

Only centrocytes that bind what can bind TFH cells?

A

-FDC (follicular dendritic cells)

52
Q

After centrocytes bind the FDC-presented antigen, what do they bind? which gives them what kind of signal?

A
  • TFH cells

- gives survival signal

53
Q

WHEN FDC bound centrocytes are bound by TFH cells you will get a survival signal and cause what to happen to the B cells?

A

differentiation into plasma cells or memory B cells

54
Q

Once a B cell goes from a centrocyte it can become a plasma cell or a memory cells, once it becomes a plasma cell can it class switch?

A

-No

55
Q

Thymus independent activation of B cells leads to what type of cells?

A

-Plasma cells

56
Q

What is the cognate pair?

A

-B and TFH cell

57
Q

Where does the primary focus of the cognate pair occur ? What is its purpose?

A

-Medullary cords

to release IgM plasma cells

58
Q

What step of B cell activation deals with FDC selection, Proliferation, and Differentiation?

A

-Centrocytes

59
Q

What three antibodies deal with internal tissues?

A

-IgM-IgG-IgA

60
Q

What antibody deals with mucosal surfaces? What receptor transports it across the mucosal surface?

A

-IgA

transported by PIgR (poly-Ig receptor; binds Fc)

61
Q

What antibody deals with parasite immunity?

A

-IgE

62
Q

What antibody deals with B cell receptors?

A

-IgD

63
Q

What type of receptors bind antibodies and provide adaptive specificity to innate cells?

A

-Fc Receptors

64
Q

Fc receptors allow adaptive immunity to enhance what cells specificity and function?

A

-Innate immune cell

65
Q

T/F Fc Receptors often require dimerization

A

True

66
Q

What facilitates IgG transport into tissues?

A

-Fc Receptors

67
Q

What does trancytosis of IgA protect?

A

-Mucosal surfaces

68
Q

What do neutralizing antibodies prevent?

A

-Pathogen Establishment

69
Q

What are two neutralizing antibodies? What does that prevent?

A

-IgA-IgG

prevents pathogen establishment by neutralizing their toxins

70
Q

What clears agglutinized antigens by binding them and dropping them off in the liver or spleen to be phagocytized?

A

-Erythrocytes

71
Q

What does opsonization of a pathogen by antibodies lead to?

A

-Phagocytosis

72
Q

What three cells does IgE make competent meaning they can now have targeted degranulation?

A
  • Basophils
  • Mast cells
  • Eosinophils
73
Q

What two antibodies initiate the complement classical pathway?

A
  • IgM

- IgG

74
Q

T/F Antibodies provide passive immunity during development

A

True

75
Q

What antibody is involved in passive immunity during gestation?

A

-IgG

76
Q

What antibody protects infant mucosal surfaces after the baby has been born and comes from breastmilk?

A

-IgA

77
Q

What are the 4 roles of cytokines in the activation of B cells?

A

survival and proliferation
class switching
somatic hypermutation
differentiation

78
Q

Describe the most common B cell activation pathway?

A

B cell is first activated by antigen binding
B cell presents antigen to TFH cells
CD40 induces survival and proliferation
Cytokines causes differentiation and isotype switching

79
Q

B cells form Plasma cells in two stages and places. What are they?

A

first in the Medullary cords

second the primary follicle (turns to germinal center)

80
Q

what are the four effector functions of Antibodies?

A

virus and toxin neutralization
opsonization
complement fixation and the formation of the membrane attack complex
antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (activation of NK cells)

81
Q

Fc receptors can bind what isotypes of antibodies?

A

IgG
IgE
IgA

Host and Defense COPY (81 decks)

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